Question 1

Therapeutic management of nephrosis includes:

Accepted Answer

A) Corticosteroids. 
B) Antihypertensive agents. 
C) Long-term diuretics. 
D) Increased fluids to promote diuresis.

Question 2

The diet of a child with chronic renal failure is usually characterized as:

Accepted Answer

A) High in protein. 
B) Low in vitamin D. 
C) Low in phosphorus. 
D) Supplemented with vitamins A, E, and K.

Question 3

Which statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

Accepted Answer

A) It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years. 
B) It is preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children. 
C) Children can receive kidneys only from other children. 
D) The decision for transplantation is difficult since a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.

Question 4

The narrowing of the preputial opening of the foreskin is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Chordee. 
B) Phimosis. 
C) Epispadias. 
D) Hypospadias.

Question 5

A child with secondary enuresis who complains of dysuria or urgency should be evaluated for what condition (Select all that apply)?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypocalciuria 
B) Nephrotic syndrome 
C) Glomerulonephritis 
D) Urinary tract infection (UTI) 
E) Diabetes mellitus

Question 6

A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome.Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess (Select all that apply)?

Accepted Answer

A) Weight loss 
B) Facial edema 
C) Cloudy, smoky brown-colored urine 
D) Fatigue 
E) Frothy-appearing urine

Question 7

A common side effect of corticosteroid therapy is:

Accepted Answer

A) Fever. 
B) Hypertension. 
C) Weight loss. 
D) Increased appetite.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure.What clinical manifestation should he or she recognize as a sign of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Dyspnea 
B) Seizure 
C) Oliguria 
D) Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 9

The nurse is teaching parents of a child with chronic renal failure (CRF)about the use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO)subcutaneous injections.Which statement indicates the parents have understood the teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) "These injections will help with the hypertension." 
B) "We're glad the injections only need to be given once a month." 
C) "The red blood cell count should begin to improve with these injections." 
D) "Urine output should begin to improve with these injections."

Question 10

One of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost.What best describes this term?

Accepted Answer

A) Deposits of urea crystals in urine 
B) Deposits of urea crystals on skin 
C) Overexcretion of blood urea nitrogen 
D) Inability of body to tolerate cold temperatures

Question 11

When a child has chronic renal failure,the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Uremia. 
B) Oliguria. 
C) Proteinuria. 
D) Pyelonephritis.

Question 12

Which intervention is appropriate when examining a male infant for cryptorchidism?

Accepted Answer

A) Cooling the examiner's hands 
B) Taking a rectal temperature 
C) Eliciting the cremasteric reflex 
D) Warming the room

Question 13

Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease.The purpose of this is to:

Accepted Answer

A) Prevent vomiting. 
B) Bind phosphorus. 
C) Stimulate appetite. 
D) Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for an infant with a suspected urinary tract infection.Which clinical manifestations would be observed (Select all that apply)?

Accepted Answer

A) Vomiting 
B) Jaundice 
C) Failure to gain weight 
D) Swelling of the face 
E) Back pain 
F)Persistent diaper rash

Question 15

Which factor predisposes a child to urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased fluid intake 
B) Short urethra in young girls 
C) Prostatic secretions in males 
D) Frequent emptying of the bladder

Question 16

The nurse is assisting the pediatric provider with a newborn examination.The provider notes that the infant has hypospadias.The nurse understands that hypospadias refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) Absence of a urethral opening. 
B) Penis shorter than usual for age. 
C) Urethral opening along dorsal surface of penis. 
D) Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis.

Question 17

A school-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute glomerulonephritis and oliguria.Which dietary menu items should be allowed for this child (Select all that apply)?

Accepted Answer

A) Apples 
B) Bananas 
C) Cheese 
D) Carrot sticks 
E) Strawberries

Question 18

Which diagnostic finding is present when a child has primary nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperalbuminemia 
B) Positive ASO titer 
C) Leukocytosis 
D) Proteinuria

Question 19

A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis.The nurse would expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show:

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteriuria and hematuria. 
B) Hematuria and proteinuria. 
C) Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity. 
D) Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity.

Question 20

Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypotension 
B) Massive hematuria 
C) Hypokalemia 
D) Unpleasant "uremic" breath odor

Exam 44: Genitourinary Dysfunction