Question 1

The organism recorded in this 2.1-billion-year-old fossil is almost certainly a eukaryote; no prokaryote has been observed to be multicellular with such relatively large cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In comparison to other plant groups, the bryophytes are usually characterized by the features they lack; for example, bryophytes do not possess

Accepted Answer

A) a cuticle. 
B) chlorophyll. 
C) roots. 
D) all of the above

Question 3

A waxy covering known as the ____________________ was an important adaptation for terrestrial life; it helps keep land plants from drying out when exposed to sun and wind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A waxy covering known as the ____________________...

Question 4

Resolving the relationship between the various kingdoms has been challenging because species often resemble one another; for example, the kingdom _____ contain some organisms that are animal-like and others that are plantlike.

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Archaea 
D) Protista

Question 5

Despite their classification as protists the evolutionary tree suggests that choanoflagellates and the algae are more closely related to animals and plants, respectively, than one another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Stomata normally open and close throughout the day; however, if unable to close, plant tissues could be damaged as

Accepted Answer

A) excess carbon dioxide reaches toxin levels within the leaf. 
B) oxygen escapes creating a hypoxia within the leaf tissues. 
C) water rapidly escapes causing dehydration. 
D) all of the above

Question 7

During a red tide

Accepted Answer

A) air pollution turns the sunrise and sunset bright red, which, in turn, makes beaches appear red. 
B) fish die from water pollution and bleed as they wash up on the shoreline. 
C) single-celled protists become so numerous that they color the water red, brown, yellow, or other colors. 
D) fish eat large quantities of red-colored food items and temporarily become red themselves.

Question 8

Lignin first appeared in the ferns and their relatives; its evolution allowed these plants to

Accepted Answer

A) inhabit arid regions like deserts. 
B) resist the assault of herbivorous consumers. 
C) tolerate the anoxic soil conditions in the swamp habitats they occupy. 
D) extend upward to better intercept sunlight.

Question 9

The hyphal mass, or body, of a fungus is constructed from interwoven filaments called mycelia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Some protists will reproduce ____________________ depending upon locating favorable living conditions by fragmentation, budding, fission, or ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some protists will reproduce ____________________ depending upon...

Question 11

The dependence on sexual reproduction in the more complex eukaryotes suggests a greater number of benefits than asexual reproduction; one example is the

Accepted Answer

A) greater genetic variability between parents and offspring. 
B) increase in the number of potential mates. 
C) speed of reproduction and the opportunistic colonization of newly located habitat. 
D) specialization of gender roles within the population.

Question 12

The kingdom Protista is quite diverse and the relationship among its various members is unclear. The best method of clarifying those relationships will require that biologists

Accepted Answer

A) remove the kingdom from Eukarya and place it in its own domain. 
B) match each of the protist traits with the corresponding animal trait of the common ancestor. 
C) separate the eukaryotic protists from the prokaryotic protists. 
D) create an evolutionary tree for the group using comparative DNA data.

Question 13

What criteria best characterize membership in the kingdom Protista?

Accepted Answer

A) A continuous lineage of descent from a common ancestor. 
B) A large assortment of unique shared derived traits. 
C) A common evolutionary heritage. 
D) The inability to meet the characteristics that define each of the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms.

Question 14

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In nature, fungi function primarily as ____________________, getting their nutrition from dead and dying organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In nature, fungi function primarily as ____________________,...

Question 16

The most fundamental difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton is that zooplankton is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most fundamental difference between phytoplankton and...

Question 17

Mixotrophs show some unusual nutritional strategies; for example, when resources like nitrogen become limited they often switch from

Accepted Answer

A) photoautotrophy to chemoheterotrophy. 
B) photoautotrophy to chemoautotrophy. 
C) chemoheterotrophy to photoheterotrophy. 
D) photoheterotrophy to photoautotrophy.

Question 18

No single characteristic is sufficient to describe a kingdom; for example, plants and some bacteria share in common

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to photosynthesize. 
B) the presence of a cell wall and the absence of a plasma membrane. 
C) a heterotrophic lifestyle. 
D) the ability to reproduce sexually.

Question 19

The most ancient eukaryotic fossils are similar to red algae, a type of _____abundant today.

Accepted Answer

A) fungi 
B) bacteria 
C) protist 
D) plant

Question 20

Although exceptions exist, reproduction in most eukaryotes involves

Accepted Answer

A) two individuals combining DNA during the formation of a new organism. 
B) one individual dividing to make two identical organisms. 
C) two individuals fusing to form one organism. 
D) the cells of an individual dividing.

Exam 3: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

The organism recorded in this 2.1-billion-year-old fossil is almost certainly a eukaryote; no prokaryote has been observed to be multicellular with such relatively large cells.

In comparison to other plant groups, the bryophytes are usually characterized by the features they lack; for example, bryophytes do not possess

A waxy covering known as the ____________________ was an important adaptation for terrestrial life; it helps keep land plants from drying out when exposed to sun and wind.

Resolving the relationship between the various kingdoms has been challenging because species often resemble one another; for example, the kingdom _____ contain some organisms that are animal-like and others that are plantlike.

Despite their classification as protists the evolutionary tree suggests that choanoflagellates and the algae are more closely related to animals and plants, respectively, than one another.

Stomata normally open and close throughout the day; however, if unable to close, plant tissues could be damaged as

During a red tide

Lignin first appeared in the ferns and their relatives; its evolution allowed these plants to

The hyphal mass, or body, of a fungus is constructed from interwoven filaments called mycelia.

Some protists will reproduce depending upon locating favorable living conditions by fragmentation, budding, fission, or .

The dependence on sexual reproduction in the more complex eukaryotes suggests a greater number of benefits than asexual reproduction; one example is the

The kingdom Protista is quite diverse and the relationship among its various members is unclear. The best method of clarifying those relationships will require that biologists

What criteria best characterize membership in the kingdom Protista?

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

In nature, fungi function primarily as ____________________, getting their nutrition from dead and dying organisms.

The most fundamental difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton is that zooplankton is ____________________.

Mixotrophs show some unusual nutritional strategies; for example, when resources like nitrogen become limited they often switch from

No single characteristic is sufficient to describe a kingdom; for example, plants and some bacteria share in common

The most ancient eukaryotic fossils are similar to red algae, a type of _____abundant today.

Although exceptions exist, reproduction in most eukaryotes involves