Question 1

In Stanley Migram's experiment on the role of obedience, the ____________ was the person who worked with Milgram and played the part of an authority figure.

Accepted Answer

A)  teacher
B)  learner
C)  experimenter
D)  doctor C

Question 2

Milgram reported that a participant's tendency to obey the experimenter decreased dramatically

Accepted Answer

A)  when two other participants defied the experimenter
B)  when the participant could not hear the responses of the learner
C)  when the experimenter was a female
D)  when the experimenter was younger than the participant A

Question 3

What is the 'glass ceiling'?

Accepted Answer

A)  a barrier which prevents women from passing through to more senior positions in the company
B)  an old fashioned idea that suggests that women should not make it to the boardroom in organizations
C)  the effect where men can pass by women in women dominated professions
D)  an approach which seeks to get more women in senior positions in organizations A

Question 4

What is the social construction of leadership?

Accepted Answer

A)  the view that all leadership is social and what matters is how leaders interact with others
B)  leadership is a made up idea that therefore we should pay more attention to more significant aspects of the organization
C)  what counts as good leadership is a construction of the perceptions of the followers
D)  leadership is something that the leader constructs as they meet with others

Question 5

What is post-heroic leadership theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  a theory which states that there is too much emphasis on leaders and more attention should be placed on followers
B)  a theory looking beyond current leadership styles to new, more creative ways of leading
C)  a theory which tries to create new organizations which do not need leaders
D)  a theory which tries to find the ideal form of leadership

Question 6

For the Ohio State leadership studies the perfect leader:

Accepted Answer

A)  combines a focus on the task and the employee
B)  focuses on the task and getting things done
C)  inspires workers to aim higher and achieve more
D)  is concerned about the small details and how to increase productivity

Question 7

Social Facilitation occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  to the tendency for people to do less in a group setting
B)  to the tendency to keep personal opinions to themselves for fear of upsetting the group
C)  when the presence of other people watching improves a person's performance
D)  when the presence of other people watching hinders a person\s performance

Question 8

An important difference between Asch's experiment in which participants judged the length of lines and Sherif's experiment in which participants judged the movement of light was that

Accepted Answer

A)  asch\s participants were older than were sherif\s
B)  there was an obviously correct answer in judging the length of lines but that was not so in judging the movement of light
C)  asch\s participants made their judgments privately whereas sherif\s participants made their judgments publicly
D)  asch\s participants were all male whereas sherif\s participants were both male

Question 9

What is a transformational leader?

Accepted Answer

A)  someone who is involved in organizational change
B)  a leader, like taylor, who provided new ways of carrying out management
C)  a leader who inspires the workers to new levels by offering them a vision of a better future
D)  leader who tries to transform their staff by giving them rewards for what they do

Question 10

A transactional leader is one who:

Accepted Answer

A)  inspires people and has strong interactions with them
B)  does deals with people in order to get them to do things the leader wants
C)  is the ideal form of leadership
D)  works for long-term goals of the organization

Question 11

In Asch's study of perceptual judgment involving the length of lines, naive participants conformed __________________ of the time to the false judgments of the confederates.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent
B)  37 percent
C)  68 percent
D)  92 percent

Question 12

Groupthink is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  when an attitude becomes stronger in group presence
B)  thinking that revolves around keeping harmony within a group through not disagreeing with group opinion
C)  the tendency to do less in a group situation
D)  improved performance when people are watching

Question 13

_____________ set up an experiment, known as the Stanford Prison experiment, where people plaed the role of a prison guard. The goal was to observe if this authority position would cause them to act differently.

Accepted Answer

A)  stanley milgram
B)  philip zimbardo
C)  soloman ache
D)  muzafer sherif

Question 14

In leadership trait theory what is a trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  a list of the things that make leaders different to everyone else
B)  a list of the key things that a leader should do to be great
C)  the list of key behaviours a leader exhibits
D)  a list of key characteristics that makes a leader great

Question 15

In Stanley Milgram's experiment on the role of obedience, the ___________ was the subject who was being observed and did not know what the experiment was about or what was being studied.

Accepted Answer

A)  learner
B)  experimenter
C)  teacher
D)  milgram

Question 16

According to Soloman Ache, in his experiment on conformity ____% of the subjects gave the wrong answer because the group unanimously also gave the wrong answer.

Accepted Answer

A)  76
B)  48
C)  32
D)  89

Question 17

Participants' tendencies to obey the experimenter's commands to shock a victim were highest when the experimenter was ___________ and the victim was ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  close; distant
B)  close; close
C)  distant; distant
D)  distant; close

Question 18

Contingency theory is based on the assumption that the ideal leader:

Accepted Answer

A)  shapes their leadership style depending on the situation
B)  provides clear instructions to the followers so that they know what they are doing
C)  knows what their strengths are and makes the most out of them
D)  spends time with their followers and therefore listens and responds to their needs

Question 19

To believe that Asch's compliant participants were particularly spineless people is to

Accepted Answer

A)  forget that behavior shapes belief
B)  overlook other personality characteristics that determine conformity
C)  make the fundamental attribution error
D)  ignore how the status of the experimenter shapes behavior

Question 20

The effect of group size on conformity has been explained by _____________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance
B)  social norm
C)  psychological reactance
D)  social impact

Exam 2: Leadership Theories and Social Psychology Experiments