Question 1

The learned behaviors perceived as masculine or feminine are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual dimorphism.
B)   alternate sexualities.
C)   cultural constructions.
D)   universal beliefs.
E)   gender stratification. C

Question 2

A primary component of the "fag discourse" in US high schools is:

Accepted Answer

A)   bullying of boys whose behavior is seen as sufficiently masculine, even if the boys are heterosexual.
B)   bullying of boys whose behavior is seen as not sufficiently masculine, even if the boys are heterosexual.
C)   bullying of girls whose behavior is seen as masculine, even if the girls are heterosexual.
D)   bullying of boys whose behavior is seen as sufficiently masculine, especially if the boys are homosexual.
E)   bullying of girls whose behavior is seen as masculine, especially if the girls are homosexual. B

Question 3

The "man the hunter, woman the gatherer" debate is based on the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)   women and men used to hunt together, but men did more of this as animals became more aggressive.
B)   in foraging societies, men bring in more food through hunting than women do through gathering.
C)   women are genetically programmed for agricultural production.
D)   women typically hunt as children but stop once they become mothers.
E)   during the evolutionary process, male aggression became imprinted in human DNA. E

Question 4

Gender ideology is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   culturally based preconceived notions about the attributes of differences between, and proper roles for, men and women.
B)   the way gender identity is expressed through action.
C)   the ways humans learn to behave and recognize behaviors as masculine or feminine within cultural contexts.
D)   the expectation of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes.
E)   a set of cultural ideas about the essential character of different genders that functions to promote and justify gender stratification.

Question 5

Early feminist anthropological studies focused on identifying:

Accepted Answer

A)   the myth of matriarchy in prehistoric societies.
B)   the underlying roots of universal male dominance.
C)   gender equality in industrialized societies.
D)   sources of female power in nonindustrialized cultures.
E)   gender stratification in U.S. schools.

Question 6

________ is the term anthropologists use to refer to physical differences in primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)   Genitalia
B)   Sexual dimorphism
C)   Transgendering
D)   Cultural constructions
E)   Performance patterns

Question 7

The notion of appropriate male behavior in Mexico is changing, in part because more women are entering the paid workforce. Thinking like an anthropologist, consider how you would structure your fieldwork to explore this phenomenon. Be scientific and explain whether your research will be qualitative or quantitative and why, how you will prepare, what your hypothesis will be, and what strategies you will use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The notion of appropriate male behavior in...

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics is commonly identified as female rather than male behavior in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressiveness
B)   competitiveness
C)   emotion
D)   strength
E)   drive

Question 9

________ is gender identity displayed through action.

Accepted Answer

A)   Stereotyping
B)   Discourse
C)   Construction
D)   Performance
E)   Transgendering

Question 10

Gender stereotypes are defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   culturally based preconceived notions about the attributes of differences between, and proper roles for, men and women.
B)   the way gender identity is expressed through action.
C)   the ways humans learn to behave and recognize behaviors as masculine or feminine within cultural context.
D)   the expectation of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes.
E)   a set of cultural ideas about the essential character of different genders that functions to promote and justify gender stratification.

Question 11

Emily Martin's analysis of the "fairy tale" of the egg and the sperm as presented in U.S. textbooks does NOT indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the scientific language of biology promotes gendered stereotypes of male and female behavior.
B)   "female" eggs aggressively pursue more "passive" male sperm until conception occurs.
C)   cultural constructions are reinforced by imagery that highlights biological differences.
D)   stereotypes of male and female behavior are portrayed as naturally occurring patterns.
E)   the anthropomorphizing of egg and sperm coincides with issues in the antiabortion discourse.

Question 12

Medical data indicate that ________ of individuals are born without the biological traits that make them easily classified biologically as male or female.

Accepted Answer

A)   approximately 5 percent
B)   more than 7 percent
C)   less than 2 percent
D)   approximately 10 percent
E)   approximately 15 percent

Question 13

Matthew Gutmann's research in Mexico indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   all men strive to be "macho."
B)   no women want to be with "macho" men.
C)   the traits of machismo are found only in the upper classes.
D)   lesbians have begun adopting "macho" behavior.
E)   masculine identity is in flux and negotiable.

Question 14

Ida Susser's approach to research on HIV prevention in South Africa exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A)   historical particularism.
B)   structural functionalism.
C)   cultural citizenship.
D)   engaged anthropology.
E)   Marxist anthropology.

Question 15

The preferred term for individuals of an alternate gender in Native American cultures is:

Accepted Answer

A)   hijras.
B)   macho.
C)   Two-Spirits.
D)   transgendered.
E)   hermaphrodite.

Question 16

Which of the following does not factor into biological differences between men and women?

Accepted Answer

A)   genitalia
B)   gonads
C)   hair length
D)   hormones
E)   chromosomes

Question 17

Through the 1960s, the American Academy of Pediatrics attempted to manage the condition of children born with genitalia of both sexes through:

Accepted Answer

A)   hormone therapy only.
B)   surgery only.
C)   psychological counseling only.
D)   hormone therapy, surgery, and counseling.
E)   the condition has never been managed by the medical community.

Question 18

The marketing of Viagra builds on the myth of:

Accepted Answer

A)   the "real man," who is able to reach an erection and perform sexually.
B)   the "good father," who spends quality time with his children.
C)   the "good mother," who strives to be strong for her children.
D)   the "fag discourse," where heterosexual men distance themselves from gay men.
E)   "matriarchy," where women dominate society economically and politically.

Question 19

In the gender-based violence against nonheterosexuals, ________ are especially vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

A)   lesbians
B)   fags
C)   transgenders
D)   gay men
E)   bisexuals

Question 20

The discussion of machismo in Latin America in the text indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   all cultures construct masculinity in the same way.
B)   conceptions of machismo and masculinity are variable and shifting.
C)   each culture constructs masculinity differently, but are always internally consistent in that construction.
D)   machismo really has nothing to do with masculinity at all.
E)   masculinity is constructed variably across and within cultures, but is always conceived and performed consistently by individuals.

Exam 8: Gender