Question 1

All of the following group of drugs improve the survival in congestive heart failure as shown by many studies except

Accepted Answer

A) Beta blockers 
B) Spironolactone 
C) ACE inhibitor 
D) Nitrates

Question 2

An 80-year old male is having end-stage aortic stenosis. Definitive treatment for his condition is aortic valve replacement but he is critically ill and surgery cannot be performed at the moment. Which surgical procedure can be used as a bridge to aortic valve replacement surgery in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Commissurotomy 
B) Balloon Valvuloplasty 
C) Aortotomy 
D) Debridement

Question 3

Which of the following statements about Dressler's syndrome is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Dressler's syndrome is a complication of myocardial infarction 
B) It usually develops about one to two week post-MI 
C) It is autoimmune in nature 
D) It is a result of infection of myocardium which extends to pericardium

Question 4

A patient presents with complaints of shortness of breath, palpitation and pink, frothy sputum. The chest x-ray suggests pulmonary edema. What are the characteristic features of pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased cardiac output, inadequate tissue perfusion, acute pulmonary congestion 
B) Decreased blood pressure, inadequate tissue perfusion, cardiac arrest 
C) Hypertension, rapid breathing, respiratory failure 
D) Hypertension, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrhythmia

Question 5

A patient presenting to emergency room with severe dyspnoea is diagnosed to have pulmonary edema. Which of the following drugs should the nurse immediately prepare to give this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) High flow O2 administration 
B) Intravenous morphine 
C) Intravenous furosemide at a higher dose 
D) Intravenous adenosine

Question 6

What is the investigation protocol for a follow-up patient of post percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of carotid artery?

Accepted Answer

A) Doppler ultrasound and Magnetic resonance imaging every 6 months 
B) Examination 1-week post-procedure to check neurological status, Doppler ultrasound every 3-6 months then every year, Magnetic resonance imaging 3-months post-procedure 
C) Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound 1-week post-procedure and then every 6 months 
D) Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound and Magnetic resonance imaging at 1-week post-procedure and then every year

Question 7

Which of the following diagnostic tests should be done for a patient who wants to be screened for presence of valvular heart disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, chest x-ray 
B) Electrocardiogram, stress echocardiography, chest CT 
C) Electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 
D) Electrocardiogram, holter monitoring, thallium scan

Question 8

Which leadership style involves minimal guidance from a leader and provides little feedback to team members?

Accepted Answer

A) Autocratic 
B) Laissez-faire 
C) Transactional 
D) Transformational

Question 9

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of Shy-Drager syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Severe uncontrolled hypertension 
B) Severe hypotension when standing and severe hypertension when lying down 
C) Problems with coordination and speech 
D) Severe hypotension and muscle tremor

Question 10

An 80-year old hypertensive male is on regular antihypertensive medication, complaints of dizziness, fatigue, syncope or fainting, mental confusion, and lightheadedness after eating meals. The attending nurse records a postprandial fall in blood pressure. What is the appropriate advice to be given by the nurse to help his condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Stop taking all antihypertensive medications 
B) Do heavy exercise after taking meals 
C) Stay in lying down position after meals 
D) Eat smaller meals low in carbohydrates

Question 11

A nurse should prioritize which of the following patients and provide immediate intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) A fractured shoulder 
B) Ventricular fibrillation 
C) Head trauma 
D) Abdominal pain

Question 12

According to current guidelines, to which of the following patients should the nurse explain the routine screening for aneuryms?

Accepted Answer

A) 70-year-old non-smoker male patient 
B) 62-year-old male patient whose father died of aneurysmal rupture 
C) 65-year-old diabetic female patient 
D) 55-year-old male patient with family history of aneurysm

Question 13

The prevalence of intermittent claudication is estimated to be about 4.5 million. How many of these individuals need surgical intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) 
A) 50% 
B) 30% 
C) 10% 
D) 70%

Question 14

A 45-year-old male patient has waist circumference of 105 cm. His blood examination shows fasting plasma glucose of 120mg/dL, triglyceride levels 180 mg/dL, high-density lipid cholesterol 30 mg/dL. He is at risk of developing which of the following set of conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Fatty liver, hepatitis, anxiety disorder 
B) Liver cirrhosis, insomnia, cor pulmonale 
C) Cardiomyopathy, hepatitis, pancreatitis 
D) Fatty liver, gallstones and sleep apnea

Question 15

The nurse calculates the ankle-brachial index of a patient as 0.65. Patient is concerned to know about the significance of this value. What is the correct answer given by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Ankle-brachial index gives the percentage of blockage in the artery of foot 
B) Ankle-brachial index is calculated to estimate the degree of arterial occlusion in patients suspected of having peripheral arterial disease. Values between 0.5 to 0.8 suggest moderate arterial disease 
C) Ankle-brachial index gives the estimate of power in the muscles of lower limb 
D) Ankle-brachial index gives an idea about the oxygenation of tissues

Question 16

Which of the following options are available for prevention of development of aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

A) Regular use of aspirin, taking proper rest and ensuring enough sleep 
B) Proper control of blood pressure, avoid smoking, avoid straining, maintain proper cholesterol level, exercise regularly 
C) Regular anticoagulation and maintain proper cholesterol level 
D) Proper control of blood pressure and use of stimulant drugs

Question 17

Which of the following sets of drugs represent inotropic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) Digoxin, dopamine, milrinone 
B) Verapamil, digitoxin, isosorbide dinitrate 
C) Diltiazem, metoprolol, amrinone 
D) Nicorandil, dobutamine, carvedilol

Question 18

Which of the following correctly defines pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) Mean of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure 
B) Difference of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure 
C) Sum of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure 
D) Mean arterial blood pressure

Question 19

An intensive care nurse answers a rapid response call for a 54 year old female patient on the pre-surgery floor who is scheduled to have a left partial knee replacement later today. When the nurse arrives, she notes the ashen color of the woman's face and profuse sweating. The monitor shows a blood pressure of 170/90, a heart rate of 122 and an oxygen saturation of 92% on 1 liter of oxygen. The admitting nurse states that the woman had been complaining of nausea. What is the most likely cause of the patient's condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Pulmonary embolism 
B) Myocardial infarction 
C) Cardiac tamponade 
D) Anxiety attack

Question 20

A nurse is taking care of a patient with post carotid endocardiectomy. What parameters should the nurse examine in the patient for neurological assessment in 1 to 2 hour post-op period?

Accepted Answer

A) Level of consciousness, response to verbal command, motor reflexes, level of sensation, pupil size, and reaction to light 
B) Level of consciousness, vocal cord functioning, reflexes, motor strength, level of sensation, pupil size, and reaction to light 
C) Level of consciousness, response to painful stimuli, tendon reflexes, motor strength, pain and temperature sensation, and reaction to light 
D) Level of consciousness, vocal cord functioning, reflexes, motor strength, level of sensation, field of vision of both eyes, and reaction to light

Exam 2: Cardiac