Question 1

What function do the nonvoluntary women's associations of the Ijaw serve?

Accepted Answer

A)  mediators in disputes 
B)  initiation into adulthood 
C)  spiritual guidance 
D)  alliances during warfare

Question 2

Associations are different types of groups based on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither kinship nor territory 
B)  kinship, but not territory 
C)  both kinship and common territory 
D)  a common territory, but not kinship

Question 3

Which type of society is most likely to incorporate nonvoluntary associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  egalitarian 
B)  highly stratified 
C)  nomadic pastoralist 
D)  post-industrial

Question 4

Which of the following is a common characteristic of associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  a common purpose among members 
B)  kinship ties among members 
C)  members also share other common associations 
D)  fluid membership allowing anyone to participate

Question 5

What is the primary exception to the rule that, in American society, membership in an association is voluntary?

Accepted Answer

A)  military draft 
B)  college recruitment 
C)  sorority rush 
D)  job interviews

Question 6

Which functions are performed by the members of the senior generation-set among the Karimojong?

Accepted Answer

A)  judicial 
B)  warriors 
C)  police 
D)  agricultural

Question 7

Why are NGOs sometimes more powerful than government organizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can raise money privately. 
B)  They are usually bigger. 
C)  NGOs have more fluid leadership. 
D)  Only NGOs can enforce laws.

Question 8

Which of the following nations has a particularly complex organizational life, with most individuals expected to be active in at least a couple of associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Norway 
B)  England 
C)  Spain 
D)  Germany

Question 9

In societies like the United States, membership in voluntary associations, such as a political party, charity, or trade union, is usually based on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  common, achieved interests 
B)  universally ascribed qualities 
C)  variably ascribed qualities 
D)  commonly ascribed qualities

Question 10

Membership in the Poro and Sande associations __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  includes scarification for both male and female members 
B)  is voluntary for all men and women 
C)  is illegal in most African nations 
D)  has been found in all societies in Africa

Question 11

The Kafaina groups of Papua New Guinea are considered to be multiethnic associations as well as savings-and-loan associations because they link thousands of women from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different tribal areas 
B)  different clans 
C)  areas around the globe 
D)  a variety of social classes

Question 12

Some scholars suggest that the development of street gangs in Mexican-American neighborhoods is a response to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the absence of male models in the household 
B)  increasing high school dropout rates 
C)  language and cultural immersion programs 
D)  domineering parents and high social stress

Question 13

What forms the basis of organization and administration of most noncommercial societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  kinship 
B)  neighborhood 
C)  political views 
D)  school cohort

Question 14

What function does the age-set system of the Shavante serve for young women?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides participation with males at certain ceremonies. 
B)  It serves as a lifelong association between women of a similar age. 
C)  It determines whom they are permitted to marry. 
D)  It provides a mentorship system for young wives and mothers.

Question 15

How do men's associations differ from age-sets in noncommercial societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are more stages in age-sets than in men's associations. 
B)  Age-sets are open to both men and women. 
C)  Only men's associations follow an individual throughout his life span. 
D)  One may change the age-set membership, but not membership in a men's association.

Question 16

The more stratified and complex a society is, the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more voluntary associations it is likely to have 
B)  fewer voluntary associations it is likely to have 
C)  less important associations become 
D)  more associations based on universally ascribed characteristics it is likely to have

Question 17

The Chinatowns in many large cities in the United States and Canada are an example of __________, which function to bring together migrants from a common geographical background and help them adapt to new conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  regional associations 
B)  complementary societies 
C)  religious clubs 
D)  geographical sets

Question 18

The Alaskan Federation of Natives was formed as a response to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  economic development that threatened native peoples' subsistence resources 
B)  professional and academic discrimination encountered by native peoples 
C)  dwindling population of native peoples in the United States and Canada 
D)  low levels of representation of native peoples in U.S. and Canadian governments

Question 19

What effect do NGOs operating in different countries have on those countries' relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes war between the two countries less likely. 
B)  It creates an unequal relationship between the two countries. 
C)  It allows for easier migration between the two countries. 
D)  It encourages the poorer country to borrow money from the richer one.

Question 20

In relatively non-stratified societies, associations tend to be based on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  age or sex 
B)  voluntary interest groups 
C)  ethnic group 
D)  achieved qualities

Exam 12: Associations and Interest Groups