Question 1

According to social identity theorists" in-group/out-group divisions occur as the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) a cognitive self-categorization process 
B) economic competition 
C) individuals' need to belong to something bigger than themselves 
D) prolonged interaction between individuals with different characteristics 
E) the unequal distribution of resources within the larger society

Question 2

Specific status characteristics are:

Accepted Answer

A) attributes or abilities that are only relevant in certain situations (e.g." math ability) 
B) attributes or abilities that are so rare that they that make people stand out in group settings 
C) cognitive or physical attributes that people are able to hide from others with whom they are interacting 
D) identities presented to other group members only in settings in which they yield positive evaluations 
E) both c and d

Question 3

Social exchange theory focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A) conflict 
B) power 
C) self and behavior 
D) self-presentational strategies 
E) the construction of meaning

Question 4

Social exchange theory" which emphasizes the importance of rewards and punishments in shaping people's behavior" draws on:

Accepted Answer

A) attribution theory 
B) dramaturgical theory 
C) research on social influence within psychological social psychology 
D) the behaviorist approach within psychology 
E) social comparison theory

Question 5

As discussed in Chapter 5, Dovidio and associates (1988) found that men had the status advantage in groups when the task at hand was:

Accepted Answer

A) designed to include both masculine and feminine components (building and decorating a house) 
B) gender neutral (gardening) 
C) stereotypically feminine (sewing) 
D) stereotypically masculine (changing oil) 
E) both b and d

Question 6

Who studies the process of self-categorization and the resultant tendency among individuals toward in-group favoritism?

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorist theorists 
B) expectations states theorists 
C) social exchange theorists 
D) social identity theorists 
E) status characteristics theorists

Question 7

In a power-dependence relation" power reflects the rewards an actor has to offer and:

Accepted Answer

A) how well the actor is able to control the behaviors of his or her competitors 
B) the actor's exchange history relative to the exchange histories of potential exchange partners 
C) the actor's willingness to punish others who fail to provide desired rewards 
D) the number of potential exchange partners who can provide the rewards the actor is seeking 
E) whether the rewards an actor has were obtained through legitimate means

Question 8

Which of the following groups is not a primary group?

Accepted Answer

A) a friendship group 
B) a gang 
C) participants in a study group 
D) roommates who like each other and regularly hang out 
E) the family

Question 9

Who studies trust in relationships?

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorist theorists 
B) expectations states theorists 
C) social exchange theorists 
D) social identity theorists 
E) status characteristics theorists

Question 10

The process through which diffuse status characteristics are associated with task-relevant abilities and thus influence performance expectations and subsequent behaviors within group settings is called:

Accepted Answer

A) application 
B) belief construction 
C) extrapolation 
D) role creation 
E) status generalization

Question 11

How do social exchange theorists define trust? When is trust likely to have negative consequences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do social exchange theorists define trust?...

Question 12

In her study of college students dating relationships" Sprecher found that:

Accepted Answer

A) inequity was related to fear but not anger among both men and women 
B) men experienced sadness and depression when they were underbenefiting from their relationship 
C) men were more likely than women to experience guilt in response to overbenefiting inequity 
D) women experienced hate and resentment when they were overbenefiting from their relationship 
E) women were more likely than men to experience fear in response to underbenefiting inequity

Question 13

What are social identities and how are they formed? Why does self-categorization occur so readily across social settings? What functions does it serve?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are social identities and how are...

Question 14

Jane Elliott's eye color exercise" discussed in Chapter 5" shows that:

Accepted Answer

A) any characteristic can serve as the basis for self-categorization and the formation of social identities 
B) children are especially loyal to the groups to which they belong 
C) macro-level social inequalities create inequalities within groups and subsequent negative identities 
D) social identities constructed in childhood have lasting effects 
E) social identities must be reinforced by others in order for them to persist

Question 15

People always use their power over others to its fullest capacity in order to secure desired rewards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The three theoretical frameworks within the group processes and structures face of sociological social psychology are expectations states theory" which includes status characteristic theory; social identity theory; and:

Accepted Answer

A) dramaturgical theory 
B) functionalist theory 
C) reference group theory 
D) social exchange theory 
E) social learning theory

Question 17

When doesn't gender influence task-group members' perceptions and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) when group members are under the age of 10 
B) when group members are all the same gender 
C) when group members are avowed feminists 
D) when only the group's performance" and not the performance of its individuals members" will be evaluated 
E) when the group's task is not related to gender

Question 18

Gender" race/ethnicity" and social class are diffuse status characteristics.

Accepted Answer