Question 1

Any process that systematically increases or decreases the chances that a member of a population will be selected into a sample is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   bias.
B)   selection bias.
C)   discriminatory bias.
D)   error. B

Question 2

The difference between the results a researcher gets from a sample and what the results might have been had the entire population been polled is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling error.
B)   standard error.
C)   standard deviation.
D)   sampling shift. A

Question 3

A researcher draws names out of a hat to see which police officers in a particular precinct will be interviewed for a study on workplace satisfaction. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   simple random sampling.
B)   systematic random sampling.
C)   cluster sampling.
D)   stratified random sampling. A

Question 4

A researcher divides the residents of a low-income housing project into two groups: those age 30 and under, and those over age 30. Ten people from each group are randomly selected for interviews. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   simple random sampling.
B)   systematic random sampling.
C)   cluster sampling.
D)   stratified random sampling.

Question 5

After completing an in-depth interview with a burglar, a researcher who asks the burglar to give him the name of other burglars in the area is conducting what type of sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cluster sampling
B)   Convenience sampling
C)   Random sampling
D)   Snowball sampling

Question 6

The individual components of a population are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   members.
B)   cases.
C)   elements.
D)   All of the above.

Question 7

The scientific basis that allows researchers to use samples to predict conditions within a larger population is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   central limit theorem.
B)   normal curve.
C)   probability.
D)   pythagorean.

Question 8

A researcher wants to study a drug use prevention program targeted at high school freshmen in Chicago. The student population is around 200,000 and is extremely diverse with respect to race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. The researcher makes a list of all the high school freshmen in the city and randomly draws 100 names from the list. The bias in this sampling plan is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling error.
B)   selection bias.
C)   discrimination.
D)   error.

Question 9

A researcher randomly selects ten drug treatment centers in the state and then randomly selects twenty patients at each of the drug treatment centers to survey. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   simple random sampling.
B)   systematic random sampling.
C)   cluster sampling.
D)   stratified random sampling.

Question 10

A researcher is interested in whether participants in a drug treatment program are successful in their rehabilitation. He asks for volunteers to participate in a long-term study of post-treatment success. Twenty of the 130 participants volunteer to participate in the four-year follow up study. The bias in this sampling plan is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling error.
B)   selection bias.
C)   discrimination.
D)   error.

Question 11

A researcher selects every 20th name from a list of probation officers in the state to create a sample for a study of officer education and training. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   simple random sampling.
B)   Systematic random sampling.
C)   cluster sampling.
D)   stratified random sampling.

Question 12

A researcher who interviews psychopaths who have murdered at least five people is using what type of sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

A)   Typical case sampling
B)   Outlier sampling
C)   Extreme case sampling
D)   Convenience sampling

Question 13

A scientific technique that allows a researcher to learn something about a population by studying a few members of that population is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   benchmarking.
B)   polling.
C)   sampling.
D)   baselining.

Question 14

A researcher interviews a member of a dangerous religious cult that she has been introduced to. At the end of the interview, she asks for the name of other members of the cult that she might interview. This non-probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   convenience sample.
B)   snowball sample.
C)   typical case sample.
D)   extreme case sampling.

Question 15

The individual units of analysis in a population that constitute a sample are called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   cases.
B)   elements.
C)   members.
D)   All of the above.

Question 16

A researcher writes a life history of a reformed repeat sex offender to see if the offender's life provides any insight into rare cases of rehabilitation among repeat sex offenders. This non-probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   convenience sample.
B)   snowball sample.
C)   typical case sample.
D)   extreme case sampling.

Question 17

Any condition that causes a sample to be less than representative of the population from which it came is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   bias.
B)   discrimination.
C)   error.
D)   prejudice.

Question 18

The entire set of individuals that are relevant to a research project are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   a sample.
B)   a frame.
C)   a population.
D)   a census.

Question 19

A researcher wants to understand how serial killers justify their murders. He interviews convicted serial killers who are currently on death row. This non-probability sampling technique is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)   convenience sample.
B)   snowball sample.
C)   typical case sample.
D)   extreme case sampling.

Question 20

A researcher who divides a population into two groups (male and female) and then randomly selects a sample from each group is conducting what type of sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cluster sampling
B)   Snowball sampling
C)   Random sampling
D)   Stratified random sampling

Exam 8: Sampling

Any process that systematically increases or decreases the chances that a member of a population will be selected into a sample is called:

The difference between the results a researcher gets from a sample and what the results might have been had the entire population been polled is called:

A researcher draws names out of a hat to see which police officers in a particular precinct will be interviewed for a study on workplace satisfaction. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

A researcher divides the residents of a low-income housing project into two groups: those age 30 and under, and those over age 30. Ten people from each group are randomly selected for interviews. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

After completing an in-depth interview with a burglar, a researcher who asks the burglar to give him the name of other burglars in the area is conducting what type of sampling technique?

The individual components of a population are called:

The scientific basis that allows researchers to use samples to predict conditions within a larger population is called the:

A researcher randomly selects ten drug treatment centers in the state and then randomly selects twenty patients at each of the drug treatment centers to survey. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

A researcher selects every 20th name from a list of probation officers in the state to create a sample for a study of officer education and training. This probability sampling technique is best defined as:

A researcher who interviews psychopaths who have murdered at least five people is using what type of sampling technique?

A scientific technique that allows a researcher to learn something about a population by studying a few members of that population is called:

A researcher interviews a member of a dangerous religious cult that she has been introduced to. At the end of the interview, she asks for the name of other members of the cult that she might interview. This non-probability sampling technique is best defined as:

The individual units of analysis in a population that constitute a sample are called the:

A researcher writes a life history of a reformed repeat sex offender to see if the offender's life provides any insight into rare cases of rehabilitation among repeat sex offenders. This non-probability sampling technique is best defined as:

Any condition that causes a sample to be less than representative of the population from which it came is referred to as:

The entire set of individuals that are relevant to a research project are called:

A researcher wants to understand how serial killers justify their murders. He interviews convicted serial killers who are currently on death row. This non-probability sampling technique is best described as:

A researcher who divides a population into two groups (male and female) and then randomly selects a sample from each group is conducting what type of sampling technique?