Question 1

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form.
-The universe is cooling off, and we are made of wet and messy materials. So computers have an advantage to us when it comes to evolution. That's because consciousness is just a matter of formal processes. And in computers, these formal processes can go on in substances that are much better able to survive.

Accepted Answer

P1. The universe is cooling off, and we are made of wet and messy materials. 
P2. Consciousness is just a matter of formal processes.
P3. In computers, these formal processes can go on in substances that are much better able to survive.
C. Computers have an advantage to us when it comes to evolution.

Question 2

Descartes corresponded with Queen Christina. Queen Christina corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini. So, Descartes corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid C

Question 3

All rectangles are rhombuses. All rhombuses are parallelograms. So, all rectangles are parallelograms.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid A

Question 4

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators.
-Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences. Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences. Some judges have practiced law.

Accepted Answer

A)   Some judges have practiced law.
B)   Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences.
C)   Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences.

Question 5

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can).
-All koalas are bears. All bears hibernate in the winter. Hence, all koalas hibernate in the winter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether each of the following arguments...

Question 6

Cats have whiskers. Cats have toes. So, cats have whiskers and toes.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid

Question 7

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form.
-It is not necessary that of every affirmation and opposite negation one should be true and the other false. It is necessary for there to be or not to be a sea battle tomorrow. But it is not necessary for a sea battle to take place tomorrow. Nor is it necessary for one not to take place.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regiment each of the following arguments into...

Question 8

All eagles are birds. Eagles are endangered species. So, birds are endangered species.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid

Question 9

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can).
-Some theories of truth are inflationary. Some theories of truth are deflationary. All deflationary theories of truth include the T-schema. So, all theories of truth include the T-schema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether each of the following arguments...

Question 10

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can).
-All presidents of the United States have been wealthy. Trump is a man. Therefore, Trump is wealthy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether each of the following arguments...

Question 11

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form.
-We should be committed to the entities hypothesized by the mathematics in question. There exist genuine mathematical explanations of empirical phenomena. We should be committed to the theoretical posits hypothesized by these mathematical explanations. (Paolo Mancosu)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regiment each of the following arguments into...

Question 12

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form.
-If your mind were organized, your desk would be organized. Thus, your mind isn't organized. This is
true because your desk isn't.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regiment each of the following arguments into...

Question 13

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form.
-The ban on selling hypodermic needles should be lifted. If we want to combat AIDS, then we must
prevent drug users from sharing dirty needles. If we must prevent the sharing of dirty needles, then the ban on selling needles should be lifted. And obviously, we do want to combat AIDS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regiment each of the following arguments into...

Question 14

All penguins are birds. All birds have wings. All winged creatures can fly. So, it follows that penguins can fly.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid

Question 15

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators.
-If your mind were organized, your desk would be organized. Thus, your mind isn't organized. This is
True because your desk isn't.

Accepted Answer

A)   Your mind is organized.
B)   Your desk is organized.
C)   Your mind isn't organized.
D)   Your desk isn't organized.
E)   This is true because your desk isn't.

Question 16

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can).
-Descartes corresponded with Queen Christina. Queen Christina corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini. So, Descartes corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether each of the following arguments...

Question 17

Only white rats are used in genetic experiments. Ben is a rat used in a genetic experiment. So, Ben is white.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid

Question 18

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form.
-Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences. Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences. Some judges have practiced law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regiment each of the following arguments into...

Question 19

All presidents of the United States have been wealthy. Trump is a man. Therefore, Trump is wealthy.

Accepted Answer

A)   Valid and sound
B)   Valid and unsound
C)   Invalid

Question 20

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators.
-It is not necessary that of every affirmation and opposite negation one should be true and the other false. It is necessary for there to be or not to be a sea battle tomorrow. But it is not necessary for a sea battle to take place tomorrow. Nor is it necessary for one not to take place.

Accepted Answer

A)   Of every affirmation and opposite negation one should be true and the other false.
B)   It is not necessary that of every affirmation and opposite negation one should be true and the other false.
C)   It is necessary for there to be or not to be a sea battle tomorrow.
D)   It is not necessary for a sea battle to take place tomorrow.
E)   It is not necessary for one not to take place.

Exam 1: Introducing Logic

Descartes corresponded with Queen Christina. Queen Christina corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini. So, Descartes corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

All rectangles are rhombuses. All rhombuses are parallelograms. So, all rectangles are parallelograms.

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators. -Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences. Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences. Some judges have practiced law.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can). -All koalas are bears. All bears hibernate in the winter. Hence, all koalas hibernate in the winter.

Cats have whiskers. Cats have toes. So, cats have whiskers and toes.

All eagles are birds. Eagles are endangered species. So, birds are endangered species.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can). -All presidents of the United States have been wealthy. Trump is a man. Therefore, Trump is wealthy.

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -If your mind were organized, your desk would be organized. Thus, your mind isn't organized. This is true because your desk isn't.

All penguins are birds. All birds have wings. All winged creatures can fly. So, it follows that penguins can fly.

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators. -If your mind were organized, your desk would be organized. Thus, your mind isn't organized. This is True because your desk isn't.

Only white rats are used in genetic experiments. Ben is a rat used in a genetic experiment. So, Ben is white.

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences. Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences. Some judges have practiced law.

All presidents of the United States have been wealthy. Trump is a man. Therefore, Trump is wealthy.