Question 1

Discuss the contributions of women to the scientific revolution.What is the merit of examining their contributions, considering they were so marginal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the contributions of women to the...

Question 2

Although he invented analytic geometry, whose most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  René Descartes 
B)  Francis Bacon 
C)  Isaac Newton 
D)  Johannes Kepler

Question 3

According to Francis Bacon, the Bible and nature ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  should be explained by scientists 
B)  must be compatible since they shared the same author 
C)  are directly opposed on countless points and must be reconciled 
D)  are inadequately explained by the Roman Catholic Church

Question 4

How many people were sentenced to death for witchcraft or harmful magic between 1400 and 1700?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 to 2 million 
B)  2,000 to 3,000 
C)  500,000 to 600,000 
D)  70,000 to 100,000

Question 5

The author of Pensées, published posthumously, was _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Denis Diderot 
B)  René de Chateaubriand 
C)  René Descartes 
D)  Blaise Pascal

Question 6

What percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women?

Accepted Answer

A)  80 percent 
B)  100 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  10 percent

Question 7

Explain in detail the rationale and founders of the Ptolemaic system.What scientists contributed to or critiqued this explanation of the universe? What was each scientist's criticism or contribution to this method? What other system was established to challenge the Ptolemaic system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain in detail the rationale and founders...

Question 8

As Brahe's assistant, Kepler ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stayed closely aligned to the theories of Brahe long after Brahe's death 
B)  grew jealous of Brahe's fame and worked to discount the research they had completed together 
C)  was considered inferior to Brahe as a scientist 
D)  helped collect the scientific data and then interpreted it in his own way after Brahe's death

Question 9

The Berlin Academy of Science denied Maria Winkelmann's application to continue her husband's study because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  she was a woman 
B)  her husband had died 
C)  her work was considered inferior to the work of other scientists 
D)  she had angered the upper level hierarchy of the Academy

Question 10

___________ popularized the Copernican system, but also articulated the concept of a universe subject to mathematical laws.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ popularized the Copernican system, but also...

Question 11

The most famous institution dedicated to the new sciences was the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Berlin Academy of Science 
B)  Royal Society of London 
C)  University of Paris 
D)  French Academy of Science

Question 12

Who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tycho Brahe 
B)  Nicolaus Copernicus 
C)  Galileo Galilei 
D)  Johannes Kepler

Question 13

The book on astronomy by Maria Cunitz was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  initially rejected by the scientific world 
B)  recognized as her own work only after her husband added a preface 
C)  considered an important accomplishment for a woman of her day 
D)  widely read and distributed in universities

Question 14

In the sixteenth century, midwifery was a trade often pursued by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  noble women 
B)  merchant's wives 
C)  elderly or widowed women 
D)  male barbers

Question 15

The method of investigation that relies on evidence, experimentation, and observations derived from sensory experiences to construct scientific theory is the ________ method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The method of investigation that relies on...

Question 16

Who is known as the father of empiricism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Isaac Newton 
B)  Francis Bacon 
C)  Johannes Kepler 
D)  Galileo Galilei

Question 17

The greatest example of empiricism is shown by the work of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Blaise Pascal 
B)  Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler 
C)  Thomas Hobbes 
D)  Ptolemy

Question 18

The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Newton 
B)  Galileo 
C)  Brahe 
D)  Kepler

Question 19

With few exceptions, women were barred from science and medicine until the late ___________ century, and not until the twentieth century did they enter these fields in significant numbers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With few exceptions, women were barred from...

Question 20

The witch hunts ended because, among other things, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they threatened the social order 
B)  Protestants were more preoccupied with the devil 
C)  the power of words seemed greater after Gutenberg 
D)  no judges were left

Exam 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries