Question 1

What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They are demonstrated as early as two or three days after birth. 
B)  ​They trigger activity in the same facial muscles, though in slightly different ways. 
C)  ​They activate a common part of the brain that is responsible for all emotions. 
D)  ​They are experienced by human beings worldwide.

Question 2

Imaginary friends are psychologically unhealthy and should be discouraged.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Several different factors may contribute to a child being more likely to behave in an altruistic manner. What is NOT one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​The child feeling happy or successful 
B)  ​The child feeling competent to act in a helpful manner 
C)  ​The child feeling responsible for the person in need 
D)  ​The child recognizing that the high cost of altruism

Question 4

The formation of an attachment demonstrates the combined influence of the different facets of the biopsychosocial framework of human development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Behavior that is driven by feelings of responsibility toward other people, such as helping and sharing, in which individuals do not benefit directly from their actions, is called empathy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When two children share the same toys and play with them in the same way, working together to refine their chosen game, they are engaging in parallel play.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Play that is organized around a particular theme, with each child taking on a different role, is called ____ play.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cooperative 
B)  ​associative 
C)  ​parallel 
D)  ​simple social

Question 8

Evidence supporting the idea that prosocial behavior may be genetically wired into human beings is supported by the fact that children as young as ____ months of age will try to comfort an adult when they perceive that the adult is hurt or upset.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​9 
B)  ​12 
C)  ​18 
D)  ​24

Question 9

Your authors suggest that several factors may explain gender roles and differences. They include biology, socialization, and a child's own efforts. Which word best encapsulates your author's view of the contributions of these three factors to such understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​prohibited 
B)  ​structured 
C)  ​exclusive 
D)  ​interactive

Question 10

Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of

Accepted Answer

A)  ​self. 
B)  ​biology. 
C)  ​waking states. 
D)  ​purpose.

Question 11

As toddlers, girls tend to have smaller vocabularies than boys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Giselle is three weeks old and during a diaper change she looks up at her mother and smiles. Her mother gets very excited and immediately tells her husband, Chin, what happened. Since Chin has read your textbook, he thinks to himself:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Giselle is smiling as a result of operant conditioning, not as a result of an emotional state. 
B)  ​This was a paradoxical smile, as children at this age will frequently demonstrate the wrong facial expressions based on the emotion they are currently experiencing. 
C)  ​Giselle already recognizes her mother and feels joy when she is nearby. 
D)  ​It is way too early for Giselle to be experiencing a social smile.

Question 13

As an infant's growing cognitive and language skills allow them to act as true partners in an attachment relationship, they enter the 'true attachment' stage of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Your textbook presents three different types of play in which young children can engage. What is the correct chronological order in which you would expect each type of play to appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​simple social play, parallel play, cooperative play 
B)  ​parallel play, simple social play, cooperative play 
C)  ​parallel play, cooperative play, simple social play 
D)  ​cooperative play, simple social play, parallel play

Question 15

Boys' interactions with each other, which often involve one trying to emerge as a victorious leader by threatening or contradicting the others, would best be described as _______________ actions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Boys' interactions with each other, which often...

Question 16

Research has consistently found that approximately ____ percent of American babies have secure attachment relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​60-65 
B)  ​40-45 
C)  ​80-85 
D)  ​25-30

Question 17

Baby Hughie has singled out his mother as someone who is different from all others. When his mother takes him to a new place, Hughie is able to explore but looks back to his mother every once in a while for reassurance. He also cries when he is separated from his mother for more than a minute or two. According to Bowlby, Hughie is most likely in the ____ phase of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​attachment in the making 
B)  ​reciprocal relationships 
C)  ​preattachment 
D)  ​true attachment

Question 18

Research consistently finds that fathers and mothers treat their children differently based on the child's sex. Which statement accurately explains some of this variance?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Fathers respond to children to promote direct aggression, while mothers respond to children to promote relational aggression. 
B)  ​Mothers respond to children based on their individual needs, while fathers respond to children based on gender stereotypes. 
C)  ​Mothers respond to children to promote direct aggression, while Fathers respond to children to promote relational aggression. 
D)  ​Fathers respond to children based on their individual needs, while mothers respond to children based on gender stereotypes.

Question 19

Ainsworth created the ____, a research procedure used to test the different forms of attachment that may exist between a child and his/her caregiver.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Visual Cliff 
B)  ​Strange Situation 
C)  ​Shockbox Experiment 
D)  ​Apgar Protocol

Question 20

Research has found that fathers are more likely than mothers to treat their sons and daughters differently based on the child's sex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions?

Imaginary friends are psychologically unhealthy and should be discouraged.

Several different factors may contribute to a child being more likely to behave in an altruistic manner. What is NOT one of these factors?

The formation of an attachment demonstrates the combined influence of the different facets of the biopsychosocial framework of human development.

Behavior that is driven by feelings of responsibility toward other people, such as helping and sharing, in which individuals do not benefit directly from their actions, is called empathy.

When two children share the same toys and play with them in the same way, working together to refine their chosen game, they are engaging in parallel play.

Play that is organized around a particular theme, with each child taking on a different role, is called ____ play.

Evidence supporting the idea that prosocial behavior may be genetically wired into human beings is supported by the fact that children as young as ____ months of age will try to comfort an adult when they perceive that the adult is hurt or upset.

Your authors suggest that several factors may explain gender roles and differences. They include biology, socialization, and a child's own efforts. Which word best encapsulates your author's view of the contributions of these three factors to such understanding?

Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of

As toddlers, girls tend to have smaller vocabularies than boys.

Giselle is three weeks old and during a diaper change she looks up at her mother and smiles. Her mother gets very excited and immediately tells her husband, Chin, what happened. Since Chin has read your textbook, he thinks to himself:

As an infant's growing cognitive and language skills allow them to act as true partners in an attachment relationship, they enter the 'true attachment' stage of attachment.

Your textbook presents three different types of play in which young children can engage. What is the correct chronological order in which you would expect each type of play to appear?

Boys' interactions with each other, which often involve one trying to emerge as a victorious leader by threatening or contradicting the others, would best be described as _______________ actions.

Research has consistently found that approximately ____ percent of American babies have secure attachment relationships.

Research consistently finds that fathers and mothers treat their children differently based on the child's sex. Which statement accurately explains some of this variance?

Ainsworth created the ____, a research procedure used to test the different forms of attachment that may exist between a child and his/her caregiver.

Research has found that fathers are more likely than mothers to treat their sons and daughters differently based on the child's sex.