Question 1

__________ are especially prone to lasting difficulties.

Accepted Answer

A)  Early-maturing girls 
B)  Late-maturing girls 
C)  Early-maturing boys 
D)  Late-maturing boys

Question 2

A deficiency of thyroxine results in

Accepted Answer

A)  morbid obesity. 
B)  mental retardation. 
C)  androgyny. 
D)  excess facial and body hair.

Question 3

Human children's prolonged physical immaturity

Accepted Answer

A)  gives them added time to acquire the knowledge and skills essential for life in the complex social world. 
B)  hinders cognitive development because young children are too physically immature to manipulate their environment. 
C)  is adaptive because of the physical dangers present in their everyday environment. 
D)  hinders emotional development because physically immature children are too small to socialize effectively.

Question 4

About one __________ of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight.

Accepted Answer

A)  fifth 
B)  quarter 
C)  third 
D)  half

Question 5

Summarize the major nutritional and health advantages of breastfeeding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the major nutritional and health advantages...

Question 6

When asked what they expect their sons and daughters to be like as teenagers, Kate and Harriett, moms of preschoolers, say "Rebellious and reckless" and "Full of rages and tempers." Their view is consistent with which theorists' views on adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  G. Stanley Hall and Erik Erikson 
B)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau and G. Stanley Hall 
C)  Sigmund Freud and Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
D)  Jean Piaget and John Bowlby

Question 7

Research suggests that persistent childhood lead exposure contributes to

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes in adulthood. 
B)  high rates of autism in industrialized nations. 
C)  antisocial behavior in adolescence. 
D)  tooth decay and poor fine-motor skills.

Question 8

Nutrition is especially crucial during

Accepted Answer

A)  the first two years. 
B)  the preschool years. 
C)  middle childhood. 
D)  adolescence.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is supported by research on the influence of early experience in the organization of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deaf infants depend only on the left hemisphere for language processing, whereas hearing infants depend on both hemispheres. 
B)  Adolescents and adults show more diffuse fMRI activity than children while performing motor and cognitive skills. 
C)  Deaf adults who learned sign language as infants and children depend more than hearing adults on the right hemisphere for language processing. 
D)  Toddlers who are advanced in language development show greater right-hemisphere specialization than their more slowly developing agemates.

Question 10

Today, most developing countries

Accepted Answer

A)  have banned the practice of giving free or subsidized formula to new mothers. 
B)  encourage new mothers to give their breastfed infants an iron supplement. 
C)  provide free or subsidized formula to new mothers. 
D)  provide free rice water or highly diluted cow or goat milk to new mothers.

Question 11

Greer, age 10, is less interested in sports than his older brothers. He is drawn to quieter activities and is more emotionally sensitive. Greer wonders why the typical heterosexual orientation does not apply to him. Greer is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  internalized homophobia. 
B)  sexual questioning. 
C)  gender deviance. 
D)  role reversal.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is supported by research on secular trends?

Accepted Answer

A)  The larger size of today's children is mostly due to a faster rate of physical development. 
B)  Age of first menstruation increased steadily from 1900 to 1970. 
C)  Secular trends are primarily observed in wealthy, industrialized nations. 
D)  Secular trends are larger for low-income children, who have poorer diets.

Question 13

Kiana is 2 years old and has an unbalanced diet very low in protein. She has an enlarged belly, swollen feet, a skin rash, and thinning hair. What is the most likely cause of Kiana's condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV/AIDS 
B)  marasmus 
C)  kwashiorkor 
D)  iron-deficiency anemia

Question 14

Six-year-old Augustus watches about 3 hours of television per day. Research reveals that Augustus is likely to accumulate _____ percent __________ body fat than children devoting 1.75 hours per day to television.

Accepted Answer

A)  20; less 
B)  20; more 
C)  40; less 
D)  40; more

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sexual characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  development of the uterus 
B)  breast development in females 
C)  development of the vagina 
D)  development of the testes

Question 16

The __________ is sensitive to facial emotional expressions, especially fear.

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  amygdala 
D)  cerebellum

Question 17

The prefrontal cortex undergoes especially rapid myelination and formation and pruning of synapses during

Accepted Answer

A)  infancy. 
B)  the preschool and school years. 
C)  early adulthood. 
D)  midlife.

Question 18

Both adults and peers tend to view __________ as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  early-maturing boys; relaxed and physically attractive 
B)  early-maturing girls; lively and school leaders 
C)  late-maturing boys; independent and self-confident 
D)  late-maturing girls; unpopular and anxious

Question 19

Of the 9 million annual deaths of children under age 5 worldwide, _____ percent are due to infectious diseases.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  50 
C)  70 
D)  90

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about muscle-fat makeup?

Accepted Answer

A)  Body fat reaches a peak at about 9 months of age. 
B)  At birth, boys have slightly more body fat than girls. 
C)  During the early school years, boys have slightly more body fat than girls. 
D)  During puberty, the arm and leg fat of boys increases.

Exam 5: Physical Growth