Question 1

Positive freedom refers to the freedom to realize one's own potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

For both Locke and Hume, the ultimate criterion of justice was utility, the public interest, and therefore the satisfaction of the interests of at least most of the citizens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The United States was founded on the thesis that when the state no longer serves its citizens, the citizens have the right to overthrow that government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Hobbes argued that there was no justice in the state of nature. It came into existence because of society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Should the products of the labor of the community be shared equally? Or, should those who have worked harder and longer get more? Or, should those whose needs and wants are greater get a larger proportion? Or, should those who are more valuable to the community get more? A sense of natural justice has been appealed to on behalf of every one of these options. There are good arguments pro and con for all of them. Try to list as many as you can.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Should the products of the labor of...

Question 6

Which of the following theory of justice focuses on every individual's rights by defending two principles: first, that we all have basic and equal rights, and second, that all inequalities of wealth, health, opportunities, and so forth, are to every individual's advantage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rawls 
B)  Nozick 
C)  Kant 
D)  Cheshire Calhoun

Question 7

Concerning the problem of inequality toward blacks in the United States, why did
Malcolm X want to change labels from "civil rights" to "human rights"?

Accepted Answer

A)  To avoid facing punishment from the law 
B)  To impress on people that the issue is about real human beings. 
C)  Because there is nothing "civil" about slavery, oppression, and prejudice. 
D)  To make it a world problem, that is, an international human rights issue.

Question 8

The basis of the social contract according to Hobbes was __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  our mutual protection 
B)  our mutual understanding of each other's points of view 
C)  a mutual feeling of respect 
D)  a means of enforcing a non-mutual interaction

Question 9

Recall John Rawls's two principles of justice. Give a short argument detailing how those two principles might be derived from his "original position." Rawls insisted that, for the derivation to work, individuals must be self-interested and rational. Explain why this is so.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recall John Rawls's two principles of justice....

Question 10

The theory of what is called ___________ , the fair distribution of wealth and goods among the members of society, is a current international as well as national concern that owes much to Aristotle's original formulations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory of what is called ___________...

Exam 8: Justice

Positive freedom refers to the freedom to realize one's own potential.

For both Locke and Hume, the ultimate criterion of justice was utility, the public interest, and therefore the satisfaction of the interests of at least most of the citizens.

The United States was founded on the thesis that when the state no longer serves its citizens, the citizens have the right to overthrow that government.

Hobbes argued that there was no justice in the state of nature. It came into existence because of society.

Which of the following theory of justice focuses on every individual's rights by defending two principles: first, that we all have basic and equal rights, and second, that all inequalities of wealth, health, opportunities, and so forth, are to every individual's advantage?

Concerning the problem of inequality toward blacks in the United States, why did Malcolm X want to change labels from "civil rights" to "human rights"?

The basis of the social contract according to Hobbes was __________.

Recall John Rawls's two principles of justice. Give a short argument detailing how those two principles might be derived from his "original position." Rawls insisted that, for the derivation to work, individuals must be self-interested and rational. Explain why this is so.

The theory of what is called ___________ , the fair distribution of wealth and goods among the members of society, is a current international as well as national concern that owes much to Aristotle's original formulations.