Question 1

Under which circumstances might an emotion-focused strategy be more effective in reducing anxiety than a problem-focused strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the source of the anxiety is likely to last for a long time.
B)  When the person does not possess the tools to correct the situation.
C)  When the anxiety level is not particularly high.
D)  When the person is very emotional. B

Question 2

A person who describes his or her relationships with family members as distrustful and emotionally distant most probably has an avoidant style of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

In one longitudinal study spanning over 20 years,12 month-old infants with a secure attachment style

Accepted Answer

A)  were no more secure in adult romantic relationships than avoidant infants.
B)  had fewer close friends and many acquaintances.
C)  were more socially competent in elementary school.
D)  experienced one deep romance after another. C

Question 4

Researchers often organize the many kinds of coping strategies into categories. One of the most useful distinctions drawn by these researchers is between _____ and _____ strategies.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious; unconscious
B)  childish; adult
C)  active; avoidance
D)  primary; secondary

Question 5

According to research on the frustration-aggression hypothesis,we would expect a frustrated man who is allowed to act aggressively to experience

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis and reduce his aggression.
B)  catharsis and increase his aggression.
C)  no catharsis and reduce his aggression.
D)  no catharsis and increase his aggression.

Question 6

One explanation for why aggression leads to more aggression is that it is reinforced by the cathartic release of tension.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following appears to happen when a frustrated person is allowed to act aggressively?

Accepted Answer

A)  His or her need to aggress against others is decreased.
B)  He or she gets more aroused, thus increasing future aggression.
C)  The tension release reinforces the aggression.
D)  He or she becomes more inhibited about aggressing against people in the future.

Question 8

Although she is involved in a steady romantic relationship,Jackie has an avoidant attachment style. This week she is stressed about an upcoming medical operation. Studies suggest the stress will cause Jackie to

Accepted Answer

A)  seek comfort from her partner.
B)  pull away from her partner.
C)  seek comfort from many people.
D)  become excessively dependent on her partner.

Question 9

Participants in one experiment were either frustrated or not frustrated.They then were given what they thought was an opportunity to administer electric shocks to either the person who had frustrated them or a stranger.This experiment was designed to test which part of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catharsis
B)  Displacement
C)  Sublimation
D)  Reinforcement

Question 10

A man worries that his romantic partner does not really love him. He becomes demanding and sometimes overwhelming in his effort to secure his partner's love. The man probably has which kind of attachment style?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure
B)  Anxious-ambivalent
C)  Avoidant
D)  Dependent

Question 11

A four-category model of adult attachment styles divides people along which two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anxiety and avoidance
B)  Feelings about one's mother and feelings about one's father
C)  Fear of closeness and fear of sex
D)  Images of one's self-worth and belief in one's abilities

Question 12

Researchers in one study compared the responses of people when someone cut in front of them in line. The researchers expected more aggressive reactions when the people were near the front of the line than near the back of the line. The researchers were testing the effects of _______ on aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  crowd influence
B)  modeling
C)  arousal level
D)  frustration

Question 13

According to object relations theory,a child's relationship with his or her parents

Accepted Answer

A)  is not as important as the child's relationship with peers.
B)  affects the way the child thinks of others in future relationships.
C)  is more important as the child grows older, especially in the adolescent years.
D)  is not as important as neo-Freudian theorists originally claimed.

Question 14

One team of researchers found that medical students who relied on _________ had better physical heath during the first year of med school.

Accepted Answer

A)  Active coping
B)  Self-centered coping strategies
C)  Defensive coping
D)  Avoidance strategies

Question 15

According to the original frustration-aggression hypothesis,what is needed to reduce the likelihood of aggression in a frustrated person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of the frustrating agent
B)  Reduced awareness of the frustrating agent
C)  Catharsis
D)  Repression

Question 16

In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment,preoccupied people

Accepted Answer

A)  see themselves as unworthy of love and doubt a romantic relationship would be satisfying.
B)  have feelings that they are unworthy while they tend to see others as trustworthy.
C)  shy away from close relationships.
D)  seek out intimate relationships because of curiosity.

Question 17

Fears of abandonment and being left alone characterize which of the following categories of adult attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure
B)  Avoidant
C)  Dismissing
D)  Fearful

Question 18

Which of the following is predicted from the original frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aggression is always caused by frustration.
B)  Aggression is sometimes caused by frustration.
C)  Frustration is the only one of many causes of aggression.
D)  Catharsis always leads to frustration.

Question 19

According to Freud,guilt is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  reality anxiety.
B)  neurotic anxiety.
C)  moral anxiety.
D)  performance anxiety.

Question 20

A woman is frustrated by a person at work.Instead of attacking the co-worker who is frustrating her,she yells at her best friend.According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis,the woman is

Accepted Answer

A)  not really frustrated.
B)  more likely to act aggressively after yelling at her friend.
C)  demonstrating displacement.
D)  demonstrating projection.

Exam 6: Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research