Question 1

The view that the specific grammar of a language determines the way in which native speakers construct their realities is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic relativity hypothesis 
B)  Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 
C)  critical period hypothesis 
D)  universal grammar hypothesis

Question 2

According to Kahneman, _________thought is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic. It is generally not under voluntary control. However, if a task requires concentration, or full attention to perform well, we have to use _________thought.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kahneman, _________thought is rapid, intuitive,...

Question 3

Universal grammar is considered by its advocates to be

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired through experience with one's native language 
B)  an innate capacity that drives language learning in humans 
C)  a shared aspect of all social animal communication systems 
D)  a universal property of English language grammar

Question 4

In Kahneman's theory, System 1 comes into play when we try to write a term paper or article, judge whether or not a logical argument has merit, or decide whom to invite to a party with an eye toward avoiding conflict among the guests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Systematic distortions in thinking, memory, and perception are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics 
B)  cognitive biases 
C)  algorithms 
D)  mental hops

Question 6

According to Noam Chomsky, what is most puzzling about the ease with which children acquire language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children born in any place in the world learn the language of that place. 
B)  Children imitate the speech of their adult caregivers exactly. 
C)  Children learn language despite the impoverished nature of the stimulus. 
D)  Children tend to make the same mistakes in grammar that are made by their caregivers.

Question 7

The quality of language that allows a person to use the relatively small number of words and grammatical structures of a language to compose a theoretically infinite number of sentences is called

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity 
B)  recursion 
C)  displacement 
D)  fixation

Question 8

Which of the following concepts most likely has fuzzy boundaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  triangle 
B)  oxygen 
C)  life 
D)  water

Question 9

Which of the following statements is most consistent with Fodor's computational theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mind is designed exactly like a PC or MAC. 
B)  People tend to think and act the same as a robot. 
C)  Computers are better than humans at detecting patterns. 
D)  The mind operates according to universal rules of processing.

Question 10

Most errors in judgment that people make due to the use of heuristics stem from the tendency to ignore

Accepted Answer

A)  base rates 
B)  distinctive features 
C)  prior experience 
D)  System 2

Question 11

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis began to lose favour in psychology throughout the 1970s because

Accepted Answer

A)  the original research results were largely faked 
B)  evidence to dispute the claims was steadily mounting 
C)  Benjamin Whorf conceded that he had misheard the Hopi speakers 
D)  the Inuit languages actually had many more words for snow than there are in English

Question 12

Which of the following demonstrates the generativity of language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Honeybees use a dance-like system to alert each other about the location of food. 
B)  Macaques use vocalizations to lure members of the opposite sex. 
C)  There are over one hundred ways for English speakers to talk about money. 
D)  Birds use several birdsongs to signal each other during mating, and to avoid danger.

Question 13

When research participants engage in tasks that require the construction of this type of mental representation, they utilize parts of their occipital lobes

Accepted Answer

A)  schema 
B)  mental image 
C)  script 
D)  concept

Question 14

The idea that the mind was designed to process and manipulate information is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  computer metaphor 
B)  information-processing approach 
C)  computational theory of mind 
D)  cognitive theory of mind

Question 15

In general, computers are quite good at using algorithms to perform tasks human beings find very difficult, such as the simultaneous computation of large amounts of data

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Most researchers believe that Systems 1 and 2 are supported by activity in the frontal lobe of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Characterize the strengths of the evidence for an innate capacity for human language. In your answer, describe Noam Chomsky's theories, including the internal language faculty. Discuss two examples of research that support Chomsky's views

Accepted Answer

The answer of Characterize the strengths of the evidence for...

Question 18

The ___________allows children to learn language effortlessly, even though they are exposed to only a few of the words and constructions possible in the language.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ___________allows children to learn language effortlessly,...

Question 19

The generativity of human language demonstrates that language is open-ended, unlike other animal communication systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When solving a problem, the greater the number of possible solutions, the less efficient trial and error will be.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Thinking and Language

The view that the specific grammar of a language determines the way in which native speakers construct their realities is called the

According to Kahneman, _thought is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic. It is generally not under voluntary control. However, if a task requires concentration, or full attention to perform well, we have to use _thought.

Universal grammar is considered by its advocates to be

In Kahneman's theory, System 1 comes into play when we try to write a term paper or article, judge whether or not a logical argument has merit, or decide whom to invite to a party with an eye toward avoiding conflict among the guests.

Systematic distortions in thinking, memory, and perception are referred to as

According to Noam Chomsky, what is most puzzling about the ease with which children acquire language?

The quality of language that allows a person to use the relatively small number of words and grammatical structures of a language to compose a theoretically infinite number of sentences is called

Which of the following concepts most likely has fuzzy boundaries?

Which of the following statements is most consistent with Fodor's computational theory of mind?

Most errors in judgment that people make due to the use of heuristics stem from the tendency to ignore

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis began to lose favour in psychology throughout the 1970s because

Which of the following demonstrates the generativity of language?

When research participants engage in tasks that require the construction of this type of mental representation, they utilize parts of their occipital lobes

The idea that the mind was designed to process and manipulate information is known as the

In general, computers are quite good at using algorithms to perform tasks human beings find very difficult, such as the simultaneous computation of large amounts of data

Most researchers believe that Systems 1 and 2 are supported by activity in the frontal lobe of the cortex.

Characterize the strengths of the evidence for an innate capacity for human language. In your answer, describe Noam Chomsky's theories, including the internal language faculty. Discuss two examples of research that support Chomsky's views

The ___________allows children to learn language effortlessly, even though they are exposed to only a few of the words and constructions possible in the language.

The generativity of human language demonstrates that language is open-ended, unlike other animal communication systems.

When solving a problem, the greater the number of possible solutions, the less efficient trial and error will be.