Question 1

The evolutionary level of Kenrick's pyramid of needs examines how the various needs evolved through natural selection to help solve specific survival- or reproduction-related problems faced recurrently by our ancestors

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

_________is used to describe a steady, regulated stat where various physiological processes are maintained at an appropriate level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________is used to describe a steady, regulated...

Question 3

In Kenrick's updated needs pyramid, all of the following needs were preserved, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-actualization needs 
B)  physiological needs 
C)  safety needs 
D)  esteem/respect needs

Question 4

Which of the following situations most suggests the existence of unconscious motivation for behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Billy scheduled a haircut for 4:30p.m. and arrived on time. 
B)  Diamond knew she would be late for class, so she emailed her professor. 
C)  Grace does not like going to the doctor, and she accidentally missed her appointment this morning. 
D)  Anthony dislikes his roommate, so he often buys food that only he enjoys.

Question 5

According to Bandura, human beings first and foremost work to exercise _________over the nature and quality of their lives

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bandura, human beings first and...

Question 6

According to this motivational theory, if arousal levels are too high, as when drives are activated, the organism seeks to reduce arousal. But if they are too low, as during periods of boredom or excessive rest, arousal is actively sought

Accepted Answer

A)  drive-reduction theory 
B)  optimal arousal theory 
C)  self-actualization theory 
D)  incentive theory

Question 7

In their study examining secondary gains from unplanned pregnancies, Harris and Campbell (1999) found that

Accepted Answer

A)  8% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 16% of the planned pregnancy group and 44% control group 
B)  44% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 6% of the planned pregnancy group and 32% control group 
C)  89% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 34% of the planned pregnancy group and 11% control group 
D)  44% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 16% of the planned pregnancy group and 8% control group

Question 8

Which of the following perspectives on psychology would assert that motivation is not an appropriate topic for scientific study?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  behaviourist 
D)  structuralist

Question 9

This level of Kenrick's pyramid describes proximate causes of motivated behaviour, for example, your decision to swat at a fly rather than pay attention to what your significant other is saying to you.

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  cognitive 
D)  developmental

Question 10

Hull (1943) proposed the _________theory of motivation, driven by he idea that behaviour is motivated primarily by the desire to reduce _________conditions of arousal which have results from basic psychological needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hull (1943) proposed the _________theory of motivation,...

Question 11

Motivation cannot be directly observed, but it may be measured by examining changes in the

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcing consequences of a behaviour 
B)  intensity and persistence of behaviour 
C)  emotional effort required to perform a behaviour 
D)  frequency and independence of a behaviour

Question 12

Psychologists often distinguish between two general categories of motivation. Outline the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, including research into the additive principle and undermining effect in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists often distinguish between two general categories...

Question 13

Though traits are used to categorize people in terms of the behaviours they are likely to present, they can be problematic because

Accepted Answer

A)  there are not enough traits to label every human behavior 
B)  people should not be put into categories in an individualist society 
C)  psychologists are interested in behaviors that are predictable 
D)  people may behave differently from one situation to the next

Question 14

Dweck (2000) is best known for her work on

Accepted Answer

A)  The Hierarchy of needs 
B)  Intelligence tests 
C)  SMART targets 
D)  Implicit theories of intelligence

Question 15

Studying hard for an exam so that you perform well can be rewarding in that it brings a sense of personal accomplishment and satisfaction-regardless of any tangible reward. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation 
B)  extrinsic motivation 
C)  drive-reduction 
D)  self-actualization

Question 16

Which of the following statements about instincts is consistent with James's and McDougall's hypotheses about instincts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Instincts develop as fixed-action patterns, resulting from important environmental events. 
B)  Instincts represent relatively consistent behavioral tendencies that are subject to some change over time. 
C)  Instincts are encoded in the nervous system such that they may be elicited by inappropriate stimuli. 
D)  People who go with their groups are conforming to the conformity instinct.

Question 17

People who are high in internal locus of control have a tendency toward high

Accepted Answer

A)  goal setting 
B)  compassion 
C)  perceived self-efficacy 
D)  competence

Question 18

These are psychologists' terms for relatively stable, enduring personal characteristics, attributes, and motives for behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  traits 
B)  types 
C)  personalities 
D)  archetypes

Question 19

Fixed-action patterns are so strongly "encoded" in the nervous system that an animal may sometimes engage in instinctive behaviours when faced with inappropriate stimuli

Accepted Answer