Question 1

The formal beginnings of psychophysics are found in the work of

Accepted Answer

A)   Wilhelm Wundt.
B)   Rudolph Hermann Lotze.
C)   Ernst Heinrich Weber and Gustav Theodor Fechner.
D)   Hermann von Helmholtz. C

Question 2

The vision of _______ regarding the unity of the sciences was so great that he hardly knew when he was doing
Psychology, physiology or physics. He believed there were no mysterious forces or unknowable energies that
Activate the organism.

Accepted Answer

A)   Herman von Helmholtz
B)   George Berkeley
C)   Wilhelm Wundt
D)   Ernst Heinrich Weber A

Question 3

_____ possessed an intense interest in vision research, particularly in the areas of color vision, depth
Perception, and the physical structure of the eye.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gustav Fechner
B)   Ernst Weber
C)   Hermann von Helmholtz
D)   Rudolph Hermann Lotze C

Question 4

For Wundt, an element is

Accepted Answer

A)   psychologically and physiologically complex.
B)   simple psychologically but complex physiologically.
C)   a simple unit both psychologically and physiologically.
D)   not a useful construct.

Question 5

The trichromatic theory of color vision grew largely out of the work of

Accepted Answer

A)   Hermann von Helmholtz, Thomas Young, and Wilhelm Wundt.
B)   Gustav Theodor Fechner, Hermann von Helmholtz and Thomas Young.
C)   James Clerk Maxwell, Thomas Young, and Hermann von Helmholtz.
D)   Thomas Young, Ernst Heinrich Weber, and Hermann von Helmholtz.

Question 6

You wish to measure brightness discrimination. Your subject views a standard light source and attempts to
Match the standard by turning a knob that controls the brightness of a comparison stimulus. You use an
Ascending and descending series. You are using the method of

Accepted Answer

A)   average error.
B)   limits.
C)   constant stimuli.
D)   fixed intervals.

Question 7

The just noticeable difference (difference threshold) is a constant mathematical function of the existing amount
Of stimulation. In its most basic form, this was first proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)   Ernst Heinrich Weber
B)   Hermann von Helmholtz
C)   Rudolph Hermann Lotze
D)   Wilhelm Wundt

Question 8

The ophthalmoscope, invented by ______ made it possible to gain visual access to the retina of the eye.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gustav Fechner
B)   Ernst Weber
C)   Hermann von Helmholtz
D)   Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

The term psychophysics refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the study of the relationships between readings of physical scales and readings on measures ofPhysiological processes (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, etc.) .
B)   the study of the effects of physical variables (e.g., atmospheric pressure, gravity, light intensity, etc.)  onBehavior.
C)   the study of physiological psychology in all of its manifestations.
D)   the study of the relationships between the properties of stimuli as measured on a physical scale and thePsychological or subjective impressions of those stimuli.

Question 10

The heterogony of ends, according to Wundt, refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   unconscious processes that interfere with ongoing behavior.
B)   the idea that there is no such thing as a pure motive or emotion.
C)   the emergence of new motives during the course of a chain of activities.
D)   the functional autonomy of motives.

Question 11

Which of the following was NOT a dimension in Wundt's tridimensional theory of feeling?

Accepted Answer

A)   anger and peace
B)   pleasure and pain
C)   strain and relaxation
D)   excitation and quiescence

Question 12

Thresholds are typically defined operationally as

Accepted Answer

A)   that minimal or maximal (for upper thresholds)  stimulus intensity that is detected 50% of the time.
B)   the initial appearance in consciousness of any given phenomenon.
C)   the theoretical doorkeeper between the unconscious and consciousness.
D)   mere awareness as opposed to an interpretive cognition.

Question 13

In terms of his mind-body position, Wundt's position is most similar to that embraced by

Accepted Answer

A)   Descartes.
B)   Leibniz.
C)   La Mettrie.
D)   Spinoza.

Question 14

Helmholtz explained depth perception in terms of monocular cues and binocular cues. To more adequately
Study binocular cues for depth perception, he invented the

Accepted Answer

A)   ophthalmoscope.
B)   aesthesiometer.
C)   stereoscope.
D)   prism.

Question 15

The first textbook claiming to be about physiological psychology was written by a German scholar who was
Also known for an approach to depth perception that involved a theory of local signs. He was

Accepted Answer

A)   Gustav Theodor Fechner.
B)   Ernst Heinrich Weber.
C)   Rudolph Hermann Lotze.
D)   Hermann von Helmholtz.

Question 16

Elements of Psychophysics, a classic in psychology, was written by

Accepted Answer

A)   Ernst Heinrich Weber.
B)   Hermann von Helmholtz.
C)   Rudolph Hermann Lotze.
D)   Gustav Theodor Fechner.

Question 17

Hylozoism is the view that

Accepted Answer

A)   mind is manifested in all material movement.
B)   mind, per se, does not exist. It is only a manifestation of more basic material events.
C)   mind is restricted to human beings. Animals have no minds.
D)   mind is purely a formal concept, an abstraction that has a basis only in language.

Question 18

According to Wundt, the origin of mental processes dates to

Accepted Answer

A)   the emergence of the first human beings
B)   the emergence of language among early prehuminoid types
C)   the origin of life itself
D)   the emergence of human consciousness

Question 19

Fechner's night view of life is found in ________ whereas his day view of life is found in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   extreme materialistic positions . . . panpsychism
B)   beliefs in unbridled free will . . . determinism
C)   idealism . . . empiricism
D)   empiricism . . .rationalism

Question 20

Which of the following statements best characterizes Wundt's approach to methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)   He relied exclusively on introspection
B)   He relied largely on naturalistic observation
C)   Most of his laboratory studies employed a rigorous form of introspection, but he recognized otherMethods such as naturalistic observation, historical methods, etc.
D)   He relied exclusively on the phenomenological method

Exam 10: Psychophysics and the Formal Founding of Psychology

The formal beginnings of psychophysics are found in the work of

The vision of _______ regarding the unity of the sciences was so great that he hardly knew when he was doing Psychology, physiology or physics. He believed there were no mysterious forces or unknowable energies that Activate the organism.

_____ possessed an intense interest in vision research, particularly in the areas of color vision, depth Perception, and the physical structure of the eye.