Question 1

Combat veterans who developed _______ had smaller right hippocampi than members of control groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Combat veterans who developed _______ had smaller...

Question 2

The amygdala is the key brain structure for producing

Accepted Answer

A)  reward. 
B)  fear. 
C)  happiness. 
D)  sadness.

Question 3

Based on findings by Killingsworth and Gilbert, which situation would be associated with the smallest amount of happiness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biking 
B)  Cooking dinner 
C)  Sitting in a waiting room 
D)  Engaging in a heated conversation

Question 4

Studies have shown that the best predictor of happiness is

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of exercise a person gets in a given week. 
B)  how many strong social relationships a person has. 
C)  the amount of money a person earns in a year. 
D)  a person's affiliation with a religious group.

Question 5

According to a study by Kahneman and Deaton, day-to-day feelings of happiness and freedom from stress increase as income rises, up to about _______ per year; income over that amount has no further effect on those feelings.

Accepted Answer

A)  $25,000 
B)  $75,000 
C)  $150,000 
D)  $250,000

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the graphs below.
 
-What can be concluded from the graph depicting epinephrine increases during normal and crowded train trips?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traveling by train is generally stressful, whether the train is crowded or not. 
B)  Travel in a crowded train creates more stress than an uncrowded train trip. 
C)  Lower epinephrine levels indicate that a trip on an uncrowded train is more stressful. 
D)  Epinephrine levels during normal and crowded train trips are not related to feelings of stress.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure and table below
 
-Based on the figure, it is evident that

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain has no way to regulate the immune system to keep it from overreacting and damaging the body. 
B)  the production of antibodies is not under our conscious control. 
C)  there is no connection between the endocrine and immune systems. 
D)  during times of stress, communication between the nervous system and immune system shuts down completely.

Question 8

When studying veterans who had developed combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Bremner and colleagues concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)  a lower pain tolerance might be a precursor for developing the disorder. 
B)  a small right hippocampus might be associated with the development of the disorder. 
C)  a background of emotional abuse might be a precursor for developing the disorder. 
D)  a background of physical abuse might be a precursor for developing the disorder.

Question 9

Evaluate the following arguments, and select the one that best contradicts the idea of catharsis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals who spend time with angry people are themselves more likely to report feeling angry and frustrated. 
B)  Throughout all world cultures, there is a near-universal use of certain facial expressions to signify specific emotions. 
C)  People who receive Botox injections do not experience emotions as fully as people who do not receive Botox injections. 
D)  Research shows that expressing anger, even against inanimate objects, does not make people less angry but seems to increase anger.

Question 10

Composite photos constructed from only the left side of the face are judged to be more emotional than the original photo or those constructed from only the right side of the face. What can be inferred from this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right hemisphere of the brain has a greater involvement than the left hemisphere in emotional expression. 
B)  When shown photos, people from all cultures tend to agree on which emotions are being displayed. 
C)  Emotion appears to activate a cortical region of the brain called the insula but does not activate the amygdala. 
D)  Cultural display rules of emotional expression can vary greatly depending on what a culture expects.

Question 11

Though the type A / type B dichotomy resonates in popular culture, it is quite possible that the personality dimension that accounts for our stress reactions is

Accepted Answer

A)  openness. 
B)  conscientiousness. 
C)  neuroticism. 
D)  agreeableness.

Question 12

The fact that we are able to communicate our emotional state using emoticons is real-world evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  our emotional needs are decreasing. 
B)  we can most effectively communicate our emotions with advanced technology. 
C)  we are so good at reading facial expressions that we can identify emotions with minimal information. 
D)  our simple communication system is not adequate for the changing pace of our technological world.

Question 13

Psychologists currently define emotions as

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective mental states that are usually accompanied by distinctive behaviors and involuntary physiological arousal. 
B)  objective physiological arousal in the parasympathetic nervous system. 
C)  subjective interpretation of facial features combined with physiological arousal. 
D)  objective changes in the pattern of physiological arousal over time.

Question 14

According to the textbook, one hypothesis in psychoneuroimmunology is that depression in some people may be related to

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of cytokines circulating in the blood. 
B)  the number of white blood cells that attack invading microbes. 
C)  the degree to which antibodies produce cytokines. 
D)  the circulation of hormones within the thalamus.

Question 15

It has been shown across numerous studies that the best predictor of happiness and survival for adults is

Accepted Answer

A)  quantity and quality of exercise. 
B)  level of annual income. 
C)  quality of social relationships. 
D)  commitment to religious faith.

Question 16

Which statement provides the best support for the conclusions in the Schachter and Singer experiment involving epinephrine injections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine has no measurable effect on emotional experiences. 
B)  Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is only part of the reason people experience specific emotions. 
C)  Observing anger causes people to respond angrily, themselves. 
D)  People who observe others being shy tend to act aggressively.

Question 17

Many people believe that intense emotional experiences allow for the purging of emotions from the system, known as

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis. 
B)  sadism. 
C)  withdrawal. 
D)  reductionism.

Question 18

Experiments in which two rats were exposed to shocks, with one rat (the "executive") able to press a lever to avoid a shock, and the other rat dependent on the executive for shock avoidance, showed that the physical impact of the stress was related to

Accepted Answer

A)  the predictability and control of the shock. 
B)  the magnitude of the shock. 
C)  the way in which the shock was delivered. 
D)  the size of the "executive" rat.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below. 
 
-What is true about the role played by the stimulus in emotional experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effect of the context generally outweighs the intensity of the stimulus. 
B)  Even if the stimulus is unnoticed, it will weigh heavily on the interpretation of emotion. 
C)  Autonomic response to the stimulus has no bearing on emotional outcome or intensity of feedback. 
D)  An intense stimulus can outweigh the context and provide intense feedback to emotional experience.

Question 20

Studies of fear conditioning have provided a map of neural circuitry that
Includes the almond-shaped

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory cortex. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  amygdala. 
D)  thalamus.

Exam 13: Emotions, Stress, and Health