Question 1

According to Freud, a therapist could most likely trace an adult's obsession with cleanliness to unresolved conflicts at roughly what age?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  10 
D)  14

Question 2

Refer to the graph below.
 Which of the following is the most accurate description of this personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relaxed, enthusiastic, friendly, and responsible 
B)  Conservative, hardworking, easily stressed, and prefers being alone 
C)  Calm and adventurous, but also irresponsible and unfriendly 
D)  Adventurous, irresponsible, sociable, and tenderhearted

Question 3

As an infant, Anya reacted strongly to loud noises, fussed in response to minor discomfort, and was difficult to soothe. As a teenager, she is likely to be high on the big five trait of _______ and low on _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As an infant, Anya reacted strongly to...

Question 4

A worker with an _______ locus of control is likely to attribute failure at a given task to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  external; bad luck 
B)  external; poor effort 
C)  internal; lack of help 
D)  internal; difficult conditions

Question 5

After observing baby Yvonne's responses to novel stimuli, a psychologist described her as being low reactive. Based on that characterization, if Yvonne takes a five-factor personality test when she is 20 years old, she will most likely rate

Accepted Answer

A)  high on the extraversion scale. 
B)  high on the conscientiousness scale. 
C)  low on the openness scale. 
D)  low on the agreeableness scale.

Question 6

A Rogerian approach to therapy is likely to differ from a psychoanalytic therapy session in that a Rogerian therapist is more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  urge the client to reflect on childhood experiences. 
B)  express support for the client's major ambitions. 
C)  direct the client to explore negative emotions. 
D)  challenge the client's personal priorities.

Question 7

The thematic apperception test (TAT) requires people to

Accepted Answer

A)  describe a series of dreams. 
B)  tell stories about the thoughts and feelings of people in pictures. 
C)  explain what they see in ambiguous shapes. 
D)  identify the emotional theme in unfamiliar melodies.

Question 8

Research on the heritability of personality traits suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the big five traits are determined almost entirely by genetic factors. 
B)  the big five traits are determined almost entirely by the environment. 
C)  about 45 percent of the variability in traits is due to genetic factors. 
D)  neuroticism and extraversion are determined by genetic factors, while other traits are determined by the environment.

Question 9

Although Manuel gets stressed easily, he is also generous and trusting. It is likely that he is

Accepted Answer

A)  low in conscientiousness and high in agreeableness. 
B)  low in conscientiousness and high in openness. 
C)  high in neuroticism and extraversion. 
D)  high in neuroticism and agreeableness.

Question 10

Which of the following five-factor personality traits is most clearly related to Freud's concept of anal fixation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraversion 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Neuroticism 
D)  Conscientiousness

Question 11

According to Freud, the _______ operate(s) on the pleasure principle.

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  unconscious

Question 12

In his teenage years, Jake is flooded with sexual desires but feels it would be inappropriate to act on them. He focuses his energy on playing the guitar and writing love songs. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation. 
B)  sublimation. 
C)  repression. 
D)  denial.

Question 13

Scores on personality tests do not always predict people's actual behavior in specific situations. This suggests limitations to

Accepted Answer

A)  the reciprocal determinism model. 
B)  personality trait theory. 
C)  the interactionist perspective. 
D)  models of defense mechanisms.

Question 14

In the last year, Makayla has developed bizarre ideas about the CIA spying on her and has become anxious and withdrawn. A psychologist would be most likely to administer the

Accepted Answer

A)  NEO PI-R. 
B)  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. 
C)  TAT. 
D)  MMPI.

Question 15

Projective tests are designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  assess the client's stage of psychosexual development. 
B)  help clients identify their treatment goals. 
C)  measure clients' perspectives on their problems. 
D)  reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 16

As a child, Nina was extremely timid and spoke only with people she knew well. Although she is very intelligent and wants to be a computer programmer, she works as a cashier. She has not pursued college because she feels she simply has bad luck with job interviews, and having a college degree won't change that. She feels lonely but is socially awkward and has difficulty making friends. Explain Nina's predicament using an appropriate theory of personality development, noting the key concepts at work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a child, Nina was extremely timid...

Question 17

A major strength of the MMPI is its

Accepted Answer

A)  assessment of all big five traits. 
B)  integration of psychodynamic and social learning theories. 
C)  inclusion of scales for detecting dishonest responses. 
D)  ability to assess both temperament and personality.

Question 18

Babies that are _______ reactive are likely to become _______ adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; emotionally unstable 
B)  low; highly cautious 
C)  high; adventurous 
D)  high; reserved

Question 19

Psychoanalysis emphasizes which of the following techniques for studying individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting physiological data 
B)  Administering formal tests 
C)  Discussing personal feelings 
D)  Observing behavioral patterns

Question 20

In Galen's theory of humors, a person prone to depression suffers from having too much

Accepted Answer

A)  black bile. 
B)  mucus. 
C)  yellow bile. 
D)  blood.

Exam 14: Personality