Question 1

The concept of schedules of reinforcement relates to

Accepted Answer

A)   the pairing of CS and US.
B)   the pairing of CR and UR.
C)   rates and intervals.
D)   none of the above. C

Question 2

The text notes that the key structural unit for the behavioral approach to personality is

Accepted Answer

A)   the response.
B)   the stimulus.
C)   the S-R association.
D)   the erg. A

Question 3

Which of the following is not a part of systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

A)   relaxation.
B)   guided participation.
C)   graded hierarchy.
D)   imagination of anxiety-arousing stimuli. B

Question 4

In ____________ a response is reinforced because it is associated with the termination of an aversive stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)   escape learning
B)   successive approximation
C)   avoidance learning
D)   punishment

Question 5

According to Skinner, scientists

Accepted Answer

A)   are driven by needs for prestige.
B)   are shaped by their own reinforcement histories.
C)   are completely free of bias.
D)   none of the above.

Question 6

The importance of Skinner's work is in the way different schedules of reinforcement shape behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to the text, many psychologists with a behavioral orientation are turning to an emphasis on _________ in behavior and on minimizing the importance of individual differences in personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   internal events, inside the organism
B)   situational specificity
C)   computer analogies
D)   unconscious forces

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the two basic assumptions underlying the learning theory approach to psychology put forward in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)   Research methodology is important.
B)   Nearly all behavior is learned.
C)   People are basically active rather than reactive.
D)   Both (a)  and (c) .

Question 9

The following is a definition of __________ conditioning: A previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response because of its association with a stimulus that automatically produces the same or a similar response.

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental
B)   reward
C)   operant
D)   classical

Question 10

In the sample approach to assessment, traits are inferred from test behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Jones's (1924) unconditioning of Peter's fear of the rabbit is most similar to which classical conditioning technique?

Accepted Answer

A)   Token economy
B)   Positive reinforcement
C)   Aversive conditioning
D)   Systematic desensitization

Question 12

A fundamental difference between Freudian and Pavlovian interpretations of the case of Little Hans is

Accepted Answer

A)   an emphasis on symbolism.
B)   an emphasis on anxiety.
C)   both (a)  and (b) .
D)   neither (a)  nor (b) .

Question 13

Behavioral psychologists could be expected to be critical of the psychoanalytic interpretation of the use of Little Hans because

Accepted Answer

A)   of the emphasis on unconscious wishes.
B)   of the emphasis on anxiety.
C)   of the emphasis on behaviors learned from their father.
D)   all of the above.

Question 14

Explain why Skinner argued against the idea that people have free will.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why Skinner argued against the idea...

Question 15

Watson and Rayner suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)   many fears are conditioned emotional reactions.
B)   fears can be extinguished through insight.
C)   anxiety responses in Albert could be secondary drives.
D)   all of the above.

Question 16

The behavioral model rejects the symptom-disease model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Skinner called emitted responses

Accepted Answer

A)   habits.
B)   S-R bonds.
C)   drives.
D)   operants.

Question 18

According to the behavioral view, psychopathology involves learned problematic behaviors that can be unlearned.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

For Skinner, depression may be viewed as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment.
B)   withdrawal of positive reinforcers.
C)   intermittent reinforcement.
D)   all of the above.

Question 20

With regard to behavior and its determinant, the learning theory approach tends to see the main determinants of behavior as being

Accepted Answer

A)   inside the organism.
B)   under mostly cognitive control.
C)   external to the organism.
D)   a combination of internal drives and cognitive controls.

Exam 10: Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

The concept of schedules of reinforcement relates to

The text notes that the key structural unit for the behavioral approach to personality is

Which of the following is not a part of systematic desensitization?

In ____________ a response is reinforced because it is associated with the termination of an aversive stimulus.

According to Skinner, scientists

The importance of Skinner's work is in the way different schedules of reinforcement shape behaviors.

According to the text, many psychologists with a behavioral orientation are turning to an emphasis on _________ in behavior and on minimizing the importance of individual differences in personality.

Which of the following is not one of the two basic assumptions underlying the learning theory approach to psychology put forward in the text?

The following is a definition of __________ conditioning: A previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response because of its association with a stimulus that automatically produces the same or a similar response.

In the sample approach to assessment, traits are inferred from test behavior.

Jones's (1924) unconditioning of Peter's fear of the rabbit is most similar to which classical conditioning technique?

A fundamental difference between Freudian and Pavlovian interpretations of the case of Little Hans is

Behavioral psychologists could be expected to be critical of the psychoanalytic interpretation of the use of Little Hans because

Explain why Skinner argued against the idea that people have free will.

Watson and Rayner suggested that

The behavioral model rejects the symptom-disease model.

Skinner called emitted responses

According to the behavioral view, psychopathology involves learned problematic behaviors that can be unlearned.

For Skinner, depression may be viewed as a result of

With regard to behavior and its determinant, the learning theory approach tends to see the main determinants of behavior as being