Question 1

What is the best way to prevent transmission of HIV to a fetus or infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of condoms 
B)  Avoidance of pregnancy 
C)  Use of anti-HIV therapy given during pregnancy 
D)  Use of anti-HIV therapy to the infant for the first 6 weeks of life

Question 2

The nurse clarifies that the least likely method for children to contract AIDS is

Accepted Answer

A)  during intrauterine life with an HIV-positive mother. 
B)  during the birth process of an HIV-positive mother. 
C)  from other children who have AIDS. 
D)  from receiving transfusions contaminated with the HIV virus.

Question 3

Which are signs and symptoms of HIV infection? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Dry mouth 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Sore throat 
D)  Vaginal dryness 
E)  Nausea
F) Dyspnea

Question 4

A patient is concerned about telling others he has HIV infection. In discussing his concerns, which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Care providers and sexual partners should be told about his diagnosis. 
B)  There is no reason to hide his disease. 
C)  Secrecy is a poor idea because it will lower his self-esteem. 
D)  His diagnosis will be obvious to most people with whom he will come into contact.

Question 5

A patient, age 25, has just been admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of AIDS. The nurse's colleague says, "I'm pregnant. It is not safe for me or my baby if I am assigned to his case." The nurse's response should be

Accepted Answer

A)  "This patient would not be a risk for your baby if you use standard precautions and avoid direct contact with blood or body fluids." 
B)  "You should ask for a transfer to another unit because contact with this patient would put you and your baby at risk for AIDS." 
C)  "Wear a mask, gown, and gloves every time you go into his room and use disposable trays, plates, and utensils to serve his meals." 
D)  "We should recommend that this patient be transferred to an isolation unit."

Question 6

______________ is a type of sexual option classified as "no risk" for a person to become infected with HIV virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________ is a type of sexual option...

Question 7

A patient is advised to be tested for HIV because of his multiple sexual partners and injectable drug use. The nurse should ensure that this patient understands the test by informing him that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The blood is tested with the highly sensitive test called the Western blot. 
B)  The blood is tested with an ELISA; if positive, it is tested again with an ELISA, followed by a Western blot if the second ELISA is positive. 
C)  A series of HIV tests is performed to confirm if the patient has AIDS. 
D)  If the HIV tests are seronegative, John can be assured that he is not infected.

Question 8

A patient, age 28, has a history of IV drug use and has tested positive for HIV. About 2 weeks ago, she delivered a baby who has tested positive for HIV. This patient will not care for the baby because she believes the baby will die soon. In counseling her about the care of her infant, which approach by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agree with her that the baby will develop AIDS and refer her to a local AIDS support group. 
B)  Inform her that although infants of HIV-infected mothers may test positive for HIV antibodies, not all infants are infected with the virus. 
C)  Remind her that she has not yet developed AIDS and that it is possible the baby won't develop AIDS for many years. 
D)  Inform her that if the infant is started on zidovudine (AZT) within the first month after delivery, AIDS can be prevented.

Question 9

A young gay patient being treated for his third sexually transmitted disease does not see why he should use condoms, because "they don't work." The nurse's most appropriate response would be

Accepted Answer

A)  "Condoms may not provide 100% protection, but when used correctly and consistently with every act of sexual intercourse they reduce your risk of getting infected with HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases." 
B)  "You are correct. Condoms don't always work, so your best protection is to limit your number of partners." 
C)  "Condoms do not provide 100% protection, so you should always discuss with your sexual partners their HIV status or ask if they have any STD." 
D)  "Condoms do not provide 100% protection, but when used with a spermicide you can be assured of complete protection against HIV and other STDs."

Question 10

A 28-year-old married attorney with one child is in the first trimester of her second pregnancy. A colleague states that she is at no risk for HIV, so she would not need to be counseled about testing for HIV. The nurse's most appropriate response would be

Accepted Answer

A)  "She's a professional woman in a monogamous relationship. She obviously is not at risk." 
B)  "Women are not at great risk. The greatest risk is with gay men." 
C)  "The fastest-growing segment of the population with AIDS is women and children. We need to assess her risks." 
D)  "We need to review her chart to determine if her first child was infected."

Exam 16: Care of the Patient With HIV-Aids