Question 1

Describe the Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory.In your answer,provide the names and descriptions for the three major components of the model,along with their likely neurological correlates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory.In...

Question 2

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most associated with long-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Lesions to the hippocampus typically do not result in profound memory problems unless the lesions also encompass the amygdala.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Long-term potentiation does NOT occur unless the neurotransmitter ________ is present in the synapse to bind to postsynaptic NMDA receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) GABA 
B) norepinephrine 
C) serotonin 
D) glutamate

Question 5

A 1957 study of patients who had undergone removal of the medial temporal lobe for the treatment of epilepsy suggested that

Accepted Answer

A) the removal of either the right or the left medial temporal lobe results in profound amnesia. 
B) greater amnesia is associated with the removal of the left medial temporal lobe. 
C) greater amnesia is associated with the removal of the right medial temporal lobe. 
D) profound amnesia is associated only with bilateral medial temporal lobe removal.

Question 6

In the delayed nonmatching to sample task,animals are taught in a single trial that a specific object is associated with a food reward.When this object is shown again in a subsequent trial in the presence of a new object,the animal

Accepted Answer

A) must select the old object again to receive a food reward. 
B) must select the new item to receive a food reward. 
C) must select first the old item,then the new item,to receive a food reward. 
D) must select first the new item,then the old item,to receive a food reward.

Question 7

Visual sensory memory is to ________ as auditory sensory memory is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) iconic memory / echoic memory 
B) partial report / whole report 
C) echoic memory / iconic memory 
D) whole report / partial report

Question 8

Barbara remembers that Madrid is the capital of Spain,but she has no idea when or where she acquired this knowledge.Her ________ memory is accurate,but her ________ memory is incomplete.

Accepted Answer

A) semantic / episodic 
B) nonassociative / semantic 
C) episodic / implicit 
D) explicit / implicit

Question 9

It appears that the medial temporal lobes and the diencephalon are important in consolidating explicit long-term memories but are not themselves the storage sites for this knowledge because

Accepted Answer

A) most skills and habits acquired before injury of these structures will remain intact. 
B) only priming and conditioning show signs of impairment following damage to these structures. 
C) only nonassociative learning and priming show signs of impairment following damage to these structures. 
D) most episodic and semantic memories acquired before injury of these structures will remain intact.

Question 10

George Miller and other investigators found that humans can hold about ________ items in short-term memory at a time.

Accepted Answer

A) Three plus or minus two. 
B) Five plus or minus two. 
C) Seven plus or minus two. 
D) Nine plus or minus two.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning types of memory in the modal model of memory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) At any moment,there is more information in sensory memory than in short-term memory. 
B) Some contents of sensory memory are selected via attention and next processed in long-term memory. 
C) Sensory memory has a briefer duration than short-term memory. 
D) Long-term memory has a longer duration than sensory memory.

Question 12

One finding that supports the idea that information in working memory is represented by an acoustic (auditory)code rather than a semantic (meaning-based)code is that when participants are given a list of words to learn and then are immediately tested for recall,

Accepted Answer

A) performance is worse when the list contains items that are similar in meaning. 
B) performance is better when the list contains items that are similar in meaning. 
C) performance is worse when the list contains items that are similar in sound. 
D) performance is better when the list contains items that are similar in sound.

Question 13

Deficits in memory as a function of brain damage,disease,or psychological trauma are known collectively as

Accepted Answer

A) aphasia. 
B) agnosia. 
C) anomia. 
D) amnesia.

Question 14

Declarative or explicit memory is knowledge that

Accepted Answer

A) one can access consciously. 
B) one cannot access consciously. 
C) is a form of sensory memory. 
D) is a form of short-term memory.

Question 15

Your favorite cartoon character has been struck over the head and can no longer remember his name or where he lives.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde aphasia. 
B) retrograde aphasia. 
C) anterograde amnesia. 
D) retrograde amnesia.

Question 16

Hebbian learning occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) a synapse is strengthened by the synchronous activity of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. 
B) a synapse is weakened by the synchronous activity of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. 
C) short-term memories represented in the hippocampus are consolidated to the cortex. 
D) short-term memories represented in the cortex are consolidated to the hippocampus.

Question 17

During memory retrieval,cortical regions that were important during encoding are reactivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

________ memory,according to the modal model of memory,holds a great amount of information,but only for a very brief duration.

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term 
B) Short-term 
C) Working 
D) Sensory

Question 19

A patient visits a neurologist and complains of memory problems like remembering telephone numbers.After a few tests,the neurologist determines that there is a large impairment in the digit span,but no impairment in remembering the past or in forming new memories.Which brain area is the most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

A) The left medial temporal lobe 
B) The right medial temporal lobe 
C) The left perisylvian cortex 
D) The right perisylvian cortex

Question 20

Chronic alcohol abuse,coupled with a vitamin-deficient diet,will likely damage what portion of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) The pituitary 
B) The hippocampus 
C) The mammillary bodies 
D) The basal ganglia

Exam 8: Learning and Memory

Describe the Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory.In your answer,provide the names and descriptions for the three major components of the model,along with their likely neurological correlates.

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most associated with long-term potentiation.

Lesions to the hippocampus typically do not result in profound memory problems unless the lesions also encompass the amygdala.

Long-term potentiation does NOT occur unless the neurotransmitter ________ is present in the synapse to bind to postsynaptic NMDA receptors.

A 1957 study of patients who had undergone removal of the medial temporal lobe for the treatment of epilepsy suggested that

In the delayed nonmatching to sample task,animals are taught in a single trial that a specific object is associated with a food reward.When this object is shown again in a subsequent trial in the presence of a new object,the animal

Visual sensory memory is to as auditory sensory memory is to .

Barbara remembers that Madrid is the capital of Spain,but she has no idea when or where she acquired this knowledge.Her memory is accurate,but her memory is incomplete.

It appears that the medial temporal lobes and the diencephalon are important in consolidating explicit long-term memories but are not themselves the storage sites for this knowledge because

George Miller and other investigators found that humans can hold about ________ items in short-term memory at a time.

Which of the following statements concerning types of memory in the modal model of memory is FALSE?

One finding that supports the idea that information in working memory is represented by an acoustic (auditory) code rather than a semantic (meaning-based) code is that when participants are given a list of words to learn and then are immediately tested for recall,

Deficits in memory as a function of brain damage,disease,or psychological trauma are known collectively as

Declarative or explicit memory is knowledge that

Your favorite cartoon character has been struck over the head and can no longer remember his name or where he lives.This is an example of

Hebbian learning occurs when

During memory retrieval,cortical regions that were important during encoding are reactivated.

________ memory,according to the modal model of memory,holds a great amount of information,but only for a very brief duration.

Chronic alcohol abuse,coupled with a vitamin-deficient diet,will likely damage what portion of the brain?