Question 1

Lisa Diamond's book Sexual Fluidity explores how people can shift their attraction from one sex to another and back again. This could explain why some people marry a member of the opposite sex, but later become attracted to their same sex and divorce. What sociological phenomenon is reflected in this idea of fluidity, which society is more willing to embrace today?

Accepted Answer

A)   compulsory sexuality
B)   sexuality
C)   sexual pluralism
D)   gender pluralism C

Question 2

Despite media portrayals of men and women, Joe feels that his wife can choose (as can he) to be dominate or submissive in their love life, based on their personal preferences in the moment. What sociological phenomenon is characterized by Joe's willingness to accept nontraditional behaviour in his relationship with his wife?

Accepted Answer

A)   compulsory sexuality
B)   sexuality
C)   sexual pluralism
D)   gender pluralism C

Question 3

Karissa has never liked her body. Even though she weighs 90 lbs, she thinks her thighs are too big, her breasts are too small, and her stomach sticks out no matter how many sit-ups she does. According to the text, what is Karissa's primary problem?

Accepted Answer

A)   She needs cosmetic surgery.
B)   She has low self-esteem.
C)   She has an eating disorder.
D)   She faces discrimination as a black woman. B

Question 4

There is a one-to-one relationship between sex and gender.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Summarize the construction of gender through socialization and provide personal examples, or examples from your immediate circle of family and friends.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the construction of gender through socialization...

Question 6

Ellie is looking for a way to make a contribution to the efforts to break the male domination of our society. Which of the following activities would NOT make a suitable contribution?

Accepted Answer

A)   reject heterosexuality
B)   support pornography
C)   work for a man who believes in control and domination in the workplace
D)   work for a company that is intolerant of sexual harassment

Question 7

The official position of all of the major world religions is that extramarital sex is unacceptable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to the text, why are media-reinforced standards of attractiveness particularly relevant to women?

Accepted Answer

A)   Women are judged on the basis of appearance more often than men.
B)   Women always compare their worst features to someone else's best features.
C)   Unattractive women are described less negatively than equally unattractive men.
D)   Everyone is conscious of how they measure up to social norms of attractiveness.

Question 9

My great-grandmother was horrified by the idea that a woman might not be a virgin on her wedding night. Today, however, most young adults experiment sexually before getting married. This is a sign of what social change in our society?

Accepted Answer

A)   change in sexual scripts
B)   change in gender scripts
C)   change in dating norms
D)   change in marriage norms

Question 10

According to the text, what do women experience when they take jobs in environments that maximize competition and threat?

Accepted Answer

A)   changes in their menstrual cycles, or absence of menstruation
B)   increased testosterone and more cooperative behaviours
C)   personality changes that reinforce gender stereotypes
D)   increased testosterone levels and more competitive behaviours

Question 11

According to the text, which of the following are associated with high rates of sexual assault and harassment?

Accepted Answer

A)   environments with permissive attitudes to violence toward women
B)   physical locations where people are susceptible to assault
C)   cultures supportive of matriarchy or female dominance
D)   places where gender equality is supported culturally

Question 12

Sociologists argue that the separation of public and private spheres is the single most important sociohistorical change that led to gender inequality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to the text, which of the following demonstrates that traditional sexual scripts are changing?

Accepted Answer

A)   more acceptance of religiously sanctioned marriages
B)   more interest in deviant sexual activity
C)   more acceptance of homosexuality
D)   more acceptance of state-sanctioned marriage

Question 14

According to Freud, when a young boy becomes preoccupied with his penis he also begins to develop something else as well. Which of the following does he develop?

Accepted Answer

A)   a concern over sexual orientation
B)   loss of identity with his mother
C)   fantasies of sex with his mother
D)   secondary sex characteristics

Question 15

According to the text, which of the following is a position espoused by sexual pluralists?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are open to all forms of sexual expression with no state intervention.
B)   They believe that sexual preference should be regulated by the state.
C)   They agree that when it comes to sex, "anything goes."
D)   They are opposed to sexual behaviour that is based on the abuse of power.

Question 16

According to the text, which of the following is characteristic of the elements surrounding rape?

Accepted Answer

A)   an act perpetrated primarily by strangers
B)   a quid pro quo sexual experience
C)   the use of sex to establish dominance
D)   an act of legal but nonconsensual sex

Question 17

According to the text, at what age does interaction with peers become an important factor in reinforcing gender-typed attitudes and behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)   4
B)   8
C)   10
D)   14

Question 18

According to the text, what effects do assumptions of heterosexuality have on gays and lesbians?

Accepted Answer

A)   The assumptions have contributed to feelings of inclusiveness for homosexuals.
B)   The assumptions have little effect on them because heterosexuality doesn't concern them.
C)   The assumptions have enhanced the sexual pluralist perspective in Canada.
D)   The assumptions reinforce negative stereotypes that result in discrimination.

Question 19

According to the text, which of the following is the main alternative to essentialism?

Accepted Answer

A)   politicized sexism
B)   social constructionism
C)   sensualistic pluralism
D)   culturalistic feminism

Question 20

A young, married, heterosexual couple engage in sex. She puts on some lingerie, and he strips naked. They engage in foreplay, and then copulate in the missionary position. Which term is used by sociologist to best define this act?

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual roles
B)   sexual mores
C)   sexual scripts
D)   sexual norms

Exam 4: Gender and Sexuality

Karissa has never liked her body. Even though she weighs 90 lbs, she thinks her thighs are too big, her breasts are too small, and her stomach sticks out no matter how many sit-ups she does. According to the text, what is Karissa's primary problem?

There is a one-to-one relationship between sex and gender.

Summarize the construction of gender through socialization and provide personal examples, or examples from your immediate circle of family and friends.

Ellie is looking for a way to make a contribution to the efforts to break the male domination of our society. Which of the following activities would NOT make a suitable contribution?

The official position of all of the major world religions is that extramarital sex is unacceptable.

According to the text, why are media-reinforced standards of attractiveness particularly relevant to women?

My great-grandmother was horrified by the idea that a woman might not be a virgin on her wedding night. Today, however, most young adults experiment sexually before getting married. This is a sign of what social change in our society?

According to the text, what do women experience when they take jobs in environments that maximize competition and threat?

According to the text, which of the following are associated with high rates of sexual assault and harassment?

Sociologists argue that the separation of public and private spheres is the single most important sociohistorical change that led to gender inequality.

According to the text, which of the following demonstrates that traditional sexual scripts are changing?

According to Freud, when a young boy becomes preoccupied with his penis he also begins to develop something else as well. Which of the following does he develop?

According to the text, which of the following is a position espoused by sexual pluralists?

According to the text, which of the following is characteristic of the elements surrounding rape?

According to the text, at what age does interaction with peers become an important factor in reinforcing gender-typed attitudes and behaviours?

According to the text, what effects do assumptions of heterosexuality have on gays and lesbians?

According to the text, which of the following is the main alternative to essentialism?

A young, married, heterosexual couple engage in sex. She puts on some lingerie, and he strips naked. They engage in foreplay, and then copulate in the missionary position. Which term is used by sociologist to best define this act?