Question 1

Beginning counseling students have been found to have a somewhat rigid view, which results in their seeking to find absolute truths in counseling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

There has been a considerable amount of writing about counseling supervision during the past ____ years.

Accepted Answer

A)   30
B)   50
C)   60
D)   70 A

Question 3

Ronnestad and Skovholt identified six phases of counselor development. List and describe these phases.

Accepted Answer

-Lay helper-This stage involves experiences of informally helping others such as friends and family. There are overidentification with the helpee, strong emotional experiences, and sympathy.
-Beginning student In this stage, the counselor develops an understanding of the difference between a lay helper and a professional helper. There is a heightened sensitivity to criticism. The focus is on receiving external feedback in directing counseling efforts. Ideally the counselor is open to learning.
-Advanced student This phase is most associated with a student engaged in an internship. The task for the student is to develop a professional identity and develop skills necessary to function as a professional. The counselor is fairly rigid in applying techniques-almost mechanical-versus using a more flexible approach. An external frame of reference is maintained, and the student looks for others to provide feedback on success and evaluation of skills.
-Novice professional-The first few years of professional practice are associated with this phase. The counselor in this phase of development experiences some conflict about what was learned in professional training and what happens in actual practice; much of the knowledge and many of the skills are found not always to work the way they were presented. The counselor still has difficulty with personal versus professional boundaries, and he or she may become overly invested in the client's life.
-Experienced professional- The counselor has practiced for a number of years, and there is increased congruence between professional life (professional and ethical identity) and personal/individual identity. The counselor notes the importance of the counselor-client relationship in bringing about positive results. There is increased flexibility in choosing techniques and interventions. Boundaries between counseling sessions and other activities, such as personal life, are clear.
-Senior professional This phase is exemplified by a professional who has worked in the field for more than 20 years and is viewed by colleagues as a leader, someone who is knowledgeable. There is a continued commitment to learning and growing professionally. Typically there is a sense of accomplishment and feelings of self-acceptance.

Question 4

A significant change in this phase is the development of more of an inner-focused approach to evaluating and seeking effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   novice professional
C)   beginning student
D)   advanced student

Question 5

Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) concluded that counselor development of a career has certain characteristics including all but which:

Accepted Answer

A)   the change is organized systematically
B)   it is very difficult for counselors to develop and change
C)   development always implies change of some sort
D)   the change involves succession over time

Question 6

The tasks of the administrative supervisor include all but which:

Accepted Answer

A)   Remediating employees
B)   Ensuring agency policies are followed
C)   Hiring and firing
D)   The use of advanced counseling skills

Question 7

This phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model encompasses the first few years after graduation from the counseling program.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   advanced student
C)   novice professional
D)   senior professional

Question 8

____ states have laws requiring professionals such as counselors to report suspected child abuse.

Accepted Answer

A)   46
B)   42
C)   33
D)   50

Question 9

Counselors do not have a duty to warn an intended victim of a violent crime, for example, when someone makes a threat toward another person in a counseling session and the intent is plausible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A characteristic of this phase is the development of a more flexible and adaptive approach to the application of counseling techniques and interventions.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   novice professional
C)   experienced professional
D)   senior professional

Question 11

A supervisor who acts in the role of ________ supervisor needs to have advanced therapeutic or counseling skills to successfully provide clinical supervision.

Accepted Answer

A)   managerial
B)   clinical
C)   administrative
D)   executive

Question 12

Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) have found that students in this phase express concern that they have not had many opportunities to observe more advanced professional counselors.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   advanced student
C)   beginning student
D)   senior professional

Question 13

Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) proposed that the primary task of this phase is the development of an integrated and congruent perspective between a counseling role and self-perceptions and personal values.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   novice professional
C)   experienced professional
D)   senior professional

Question 14

This phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model is identified through experiences of and approaches to helping that are based on no professional training; however, the individual may receive reinforcement for helping others informally.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   novice professional
C)   beginning student
D)   advanced student

Question 15

This person frequently has issues with boundaries, including overidentification with the helpee and inserting one's own values and beliefs into the solution of the problem.

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper
B)   novice professional
C)   beginning student
D)   advanced student

Question 16

There are several ethical and legal concerns that may place both the counselor and the supervisor at risk, for example, lawsuits or criminal charges.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Describe in detail the final phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe in detail the final phase of...

Question 18

Compare and contrast clinical and administrative supervisors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast clinical and administrative supervisors....

Question 19

Ronnestad and Skovholt described the ________ approach as the use of "one's own solutions for the problems encountered"

Accepted Answer

A)   lay helper's
B)   novice professional's
C)   beginning student's
D)   advanced student's

Question 20

The Association for Counselor Education and Supervision identified four major supervisory roles including all but which:

Accepted Answer

A)   monitoring clinical performance and professional development of supervisees.
B)   encouraging compliance with relevant legal, ethical, and professional standards for professional practice.
C)   monitoring client welfare.
D)   monitoring personal bias and prejudices.

Exam 10: Supervision and Ethics

Beginning counseling students have been found to have a somewhat rigid view, which results in their seeking to find absolute truths in counseling.

There has been a considerable amount of writing about counseling supervision during the past ____ years.

Ronnestad and Skovholt identified six phases of counselor development. List and describe these phases.

A significant change in this phase is the development of more of an inner-focused approach to evaluating and seeking effectiveness.

Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) concluded that counselor development of a career has certain characteristics including all but which:

The tasks of the administrative supervisor include all but which:

This phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model encompasses the first few years after graduation from the counseling program.

____ states have laws requiring professionals such as counselors to report suspected child abuse.

Counselors do not have a duty to warn an intended victim of a violent crime, for example, when someone makes a threat toward another person in a counseling session and the intent is plausible.

A characteristic of this phase is the development of a more flexible and adaptive approach to the application of counseling techniques and interventions.

A supervisor who acts in the role of ________ supervisor needs to have advanced therapeutic or counseling skills to successfully provide clinical supervision.

Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) have found that students in this phase express concern that they have not had many opportunities to observe more advanced professional counselors.

Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) proposed that the primary task of this phase is the development of an integrated and congruent perspective between a counseling role and self-perceptions and personal values.

This phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model is identified through experiences of and approaches to helping that are based on no professional training; however, the individual may receive reinforcement for helping others informally.

This person frequently has issues with boundaries, including overidentification with the helpee and inserting one's own values and beliefs into the solution of the problem.

There are several ethical and legal concerns that may place both the counselor and the supervisor at risk, for example, lawsuits or criminal charges.

Describe in detail the final phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model.

Compare and contrast clinical and administrative supervisors.

Ronnestad and Skovholt described the ________ approach as the use of "one's own solutions for the problems encountered"

The Association for Counselor Education and Supervision identified four major supervisory roles including all but which: