Question 1

Which of the following refers to the ability to look at a situation from another person's perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Role-taking 
B)  Perspective assumptions 
C)  Role reversal 
D)  Egocentrism

Question 2

Which of the following is believed by Kohlberg and others to be the most important contributor to moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  The decline in egocentrism 
B)  The concrete thinking found in Piaget's formal operational stage 
C)  The increase in abstract thinking ability 
D)  The movement from abstract to hypothetical thinking

Question 3

Which of the following statement about Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Among non-industrialized or agricultural societies, the most frequently displayed form of moral reasoning is the universal ethical principles orientation. 
B)  Most researchers disagree that the stages of moral reasoning occur in the sequence Kohlberg proposed. 
C)  Researchers find that in all cultures older children engage in higher stages of moral reasoning than younger children. 
D)  Conventional reasoning dominates in elementary school and among adults, postconventional reasoning is common.

Question 4

Erikson used the term ________ to refer to the period when an adolescent is troubled by a lack of identity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson used the term ________ to refer...

Question 5

Martha accepts what her pastor says as the truth. Her own moral values rely on his guidance. According to Kohlberg, Martha is in which level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Martha accepts what her pastor says as...

Question 6

How did the divorce of his parents affect the young man in the video? Do you think that his experience is typical? Do you think that there are specific factors in this example that contribute to the negative effects of divorce?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did the divorce of his parents...

Question 7

Which of the following best defines the term antisocial in psychological theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Having a moral stance which disregards the norms of society 
B)  Choosing to live away from other people 
C)  Going against the rules of one's parents 
D)  Deciding for oneself what is right and wrong

Question 8

According to Erikson, why do teenagers identify with peer groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  To have opportunities to develop intimate relationships and find mates 
B)  To foster creativity and variety in appearance, activities, and interests 
C)  To have a secure base as they begin the identity development process 
D)  To consolidate efforts and resources as they begin to move into adult roles

Question 9

Which of the following might be an advantage of cultures which have clearly identified rites of passage into adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teenagers are able to establish a clear transition from childhood to adulthood. 
B)  Teenagers are able to take on careers earlier. 
C)  Teenagers are encouraged to make career decisions for themselves. 
D)  Teenagers are can more easily resolve the crisis of identity confusion.

Question 10

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning are the standards the child uses to judge right and wrong based on external superior sources of authority and determined by the outcome or consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normative reasoning 
B)  Preconventional morality 
C)  Conventional morality 
D)  Principled morality

Question 11

Katie is often perceived by others to be a boy because of her style of clothing, her facial characteristics, and mannerisms. Based on this information, which of the following might be applied to Katie?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is transgendered 
B)  She is a lesbian 
C)  She is androgynous 
D)  She is a tomboy

Question 12

Ben's friend Muhammed broke a window and consequently was punished. Ben said that Muhammed was bad because he had been punished. This would indicate that Ben was at which level and stage of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preconventional morality/punishment and obedience orientation 
B)  Preconventional morality/conscience 
C)  Principled morality/social contract 
D)  Conventional morality/interpersonal conformity

Question 13

What is the term used by developmentalists to describe the psychological aspects of the sexual self?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender role identity 
B)  Gender role assumptions 
C)  Sexual identity 
D)  Gender identity

Question 14

What are the four categories of gender role identity as defined by Bem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the four categories of gender...

Question 15

More recent theorists have elaborated on Erikson's definition to include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding of one's unique characteristics and how they are manifested across ages, situations, and social roles 
B)  The application of social roles as they are manifest in one's personality 
C)  The addition of morals and values to one's identity 
D)  Understanding the importance of birth order to understand individual identity

Question 16

Why are rites of passage important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are rites of passage important?...

Question 17

Which statement most accurately describes the progression of peer group structures through adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Same-sex cliques combine into crowds that evolve into heterosexual cliques and associations of couples. 
B)  Crowds dissolve into cliques that reorganize into heterosexual pairs. 
C)  Reputation-based groups become identity prototypes that will become either cliques or crowds. 
D)  Peers separate from cliques to form broader groups based on interests.

Question 18

According to James Marcia, a person who has examined her values and choices, and who has committed to a specific role, value, or ideology is in which stage of identity status?

Accepted Answer

A)  Achievement 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Foreclosure 
D)  Moratorium

Question 19

An individual who has thought carefully about their moral values and considers what is best for society as well as for themselves, even if it goes against conventional morals, would be in Kohlberg's stage of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual who has thought carefully about...

Question 20

The rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs, such as the family, peer group, or religion, become the basis of moral judgments during which level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conventional morality 
B)  Punishment and obedience orientation 
C)  Naive hedonism 
D)  Social contract orientation

Exam 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence