Question 1

Which of the following best describes egocentric empathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a child understands that another person's discomfort may be chronic rather than acute 
B)  When a baby cries at the sound of another child crying 
C)  When the child recognizes a wide range of emotions and responds accordingly 
D)  When a child attempts to ease another's discomfort by offering something that they themself would find comforting

Question 2

What is the term that describes a child's ability to cheer themselves up when they are sad or calm themselves when they are angry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional regulation 
B)  Impulse control 
C)  Self categorization 
D)  Social inhibition

Question 3

Which of the following is an accurate statement about attachment relationships of children in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Four- and five-year-olds who are securely attached to their parents are more likely than insecurely attached children to have positive relationships with their preschool teachers. 
B)  A preschooler does not yet understand that relationships continue to exist in the absence of the attachment figure. 
C)  The nature of the attachment relationship does not change until about puberty. 
D)  The child's internal model of attachment appears to generalize and become a property of all the child's social relationships at around age 18 months.

Question 4

As the categorical self and the emotional self mature, what new component of self-concept is likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autonomous self 
B)  Self-esteem 
C)  Social self 
D)  Self-regard

Question 5

Justin borrowed a crayon from Jason. Both boys are coloring in separate coloring books. In what type of play are the boys engaging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychosocial 
B)  Associative 
C)  Parallel 
D)  Solitary

Question 6

Describe the nature of a young child's person perception in terms of stability. Apply your explanation to an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the nature of a young child's...

Question 7

Deion tells his mother that he will always be a boy and can never be a girl. This is an illustration of Deion's grasp of what principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender identity 
B)  Gender role 
C)  Gender schema 
D)  Gender constancy

Question 8

Gender schema theory grew out of which of the following perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive-behavioral 
B)  Social-learning 
C)  Information processing 
D)  Biosocial

Question 9

By what age does a child's gender identity develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Six months 
B)  Two years 
C)  Three years 
D)  Four years

Question 10

By what age do children know that gender is permanent and look for roles as to how males and females should behave?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 - 3 years 
B)  4 - 5 years 
C)  5 - 6 years 
D)  6 - 7 years

Question 11

Give an example of how a 3-or 4-year-old might apply a gender stereotype.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of how a 3-or...

Question 12

The constricting, or restrictive, pattern of interacting with playmates

Accepted Answer

A)  is confined to close friends who exhibit loyalty to each other. 
B)  usually involves contradicting, boasting, or other types of self-display. 
C)  includes behaviors such as expressing agreement and making suggestions. 
D)  is most commonly used by female children playing together in small groups.

Question 13

Georgia feels sad whenever she sees homeless people. She worries that they are cold at night and may not have enough to eat. Hoffman would suggest that Georgia is exhibiting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy for another's life condition 
B)  Global empathy 
C)  Personal empathy 
D)  Empathy for another's feelings

Question 14

After listening to "Levels of Play," describe the development of the two types of play identified in the recording.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After listening to "Levels of Play," describe...

Question 15

Which of the following changes in children would one expect to see in the first few years after divorce?

Accepted Answer

A)  They typically become more passive and compliant. 
B)  School performance usually improves. 
C)  They typically show more aggressive, defiant, or negative behavior. 
D)  If they are adolescent, they are less likely to experiment with drugs and alcohol.

Question 16

The parenting style that is high in nurturance and low in maturity demands, control, and communication is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The parenting style that is high in...

Question 17

Three little boys are at the beach. They are working together to build a sand castle. According to Parten, these boys are participating in ________ play.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three little boys are at the beach....

Question 18

According to Freud, which of the following plays a key role in children's development of a gender role concept and a sex role?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metacognition 
B)  Modeling 
C)  Reinforcement 
D)  Identification

Exam 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood