Question 1

List three countries in which children are likely to be less securely attached than children in the U.S.

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Question 2

Which of the following is an example of family day care, according to your text's definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Josh stays with his grandmother at her home when his mother is working. 
B)  Susanne's daughter stays with their neighbor Mindy and her children when Suzanne is working. 
C)  Zack stays with his sister and a sitter in their own home while their parents work. 
D)  Amanda has a nanny who lives in her home during the week while Amanda's parents are working.

Question 3

What is Freud's view of the relationship between a mother and young infant?

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Question 4

Which two neurotransmitters regulate the brain's response to new information and unusual situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenaline; noradrenaline 
B)  Adrenaline; dopamine 
C)  Dopamine; noradrenaline 
D)  Dopamine; serotonin

Question 5

During the first of Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the child derives satisfaction from stimulation of which body part?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mouth 
B)  The genitals 
C)  The eyes 
D)  The ears

Question 6

When an infant demonstrates an understanding of the emotions of others and how those emotions affect behavior, and also understands his or her own emotions and their expression, they are demonstrating their

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious self. 
B)  social self. 
C)  personal self. 
D)  emotional self.

Question 7

Summarize what the research says about gender differences in temperament.

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Question 8

If Chandra is an easy child, she will have lower levels of ________ and higher levels of ________ with positive emotions.

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Question 9

Another name for the objective self is ________.

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Question 10

_________ conducted ingenious research which demonstrated that infant monkeys become attached to a terrycloth-covered "mother" and would cling to it rather than a wire mother that provided them with food.

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Erikson 
C)  Piaget 
D)  Harlow

Question 11

Identify the characteristics of the slow-to-warm-up child.

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Question 12

Julie's mother is extremely busy with her job, which she does at home. Some days Julie's mom is responsive and attentive, other days she is so overwhelmed by work that she is emotionally unavailable. Which of the following attachment styles is Julie likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure/Ambivalent 
B)  Insecure/Ambivalent 
C)  Insecure/Detached 
D)  Insecure/Disorganized

Question 13

An emotional bond formed with a caregiver is called ________ .

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Question 14

For children younger than 2, the teacher/child ration should be no higher than _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1:2 
B)  1:3 
C)  1:4 
D)  1:6

Question 15

If a mother is chronically and severely depressed, which of the following would you likely see in her child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synchrony 
B)  Secure attachment 
C)  Decreased likelihood of mental illness in the future 
D)  Over feeding

Question 16

Chad cries and his mother responds immediately. When he coos at his mother, she smiles and cuddles him. Developmentalists would say that this is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maternity 
B)  Synchrony 
C)  Multiplicity 
D)  Duplicity

Question 17

According to trait theory, what is the opposite of approach/positive emotionality (or sociability)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibition 
B)  Irrationality 
C)  Irregularity 
D)  Introspection

Question 18

Which of the following best exemplifies social referencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tom's father scolds Tom for being angry at his sister. 
B)  Tom's father uses a light mood and a smile to transition Tom from an angry state to a calmer one. 
C)  Tom's mother shows Tom pictures of different emotional expressions so that he can learn to imitate them. 
D)  Tom's mother takes him away from his friends when he becomes angry at one of them for taking his toy.

Question 19

What determines a father and mother's bond with infants? Are there differences between the ways fathers and mothers interact with very young infants?

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Question 20

According to your text, which statement about adopted children is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adopted children have fewer adjustment problems once they are old enough to understand that their adoption means that they were "chosen." 
B)  Children who are adopted by the age of 6 months, with no history of institutionalization or abuse, are generally indistinguishable from nonadopted children. 
C)  Children who are adopted by age 10 are indistinguishable from nonadopted children, provided that they are adopted into loving homes. 
D)  Only 10% of adoptive children who come from abusive backgrounds ever actually have problems later on.

Exam 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy