Question 1

According to Aaron Beck,which of these thoughts is a person who is suffering from depression most likely to have after failing an exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I didn't have enough time to study for this exam, I'll do better next time." 
B)  "I am so stupid. I will have to drop out of college." 
C)  "This professor is so unfair." 
D)  "Oh well, most of the class probably failed, too."

Question 2

According to the diathesis-stress model,which of the following people is most likely to become depressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jane, who as a child experienced both neglect and abuse 
B)  Jaleesa, who had a pleasant childhood but who currently experiences high amounts of stress at home and at work 
C)  Janice, who experienced abuse as a child and recently was laid off from her job 
D)  Jennifer, who has a stable personality but who was recently laid off from her job

Question 3

According to your textbook,which of the following statements represents the clearest evidence that classifying mental disorders into categories is problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are sometimes vast differences between the kinds of professionals who use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for making diagnoses. 
B)  Classifying disorders into categories causes people to find an excuse for their problems. 
C)  Classifying disorders into categories often leads to theorizing about the causes of a disorder. 
D)  People with different sets of symptoms can be diagnosed with the same disorder.

Question 4

Speech in people with schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

A)  is similar to the language of people with dissociative disorders 
B)  is usually very simple, like the language of a 4-year-old 
C)  can shift rapidly between topics with no apparent logic 
D)  is typically delayed in its development by about five years

Question 5

As discussed in your textbook,the fact that monkeys tend to experience fear if fear is displayed by other monkeys suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a biological predisposition to be generally anxious may exist 
B)  situational factors play a role in anxiety development 
C)  higher-order cognition plays a role in anxiety development 
D)  temperament is especially important in anxiety development

Question 6

Jaleesa thinks she may be depressed and decides to seek professional help.The psychologist starts by asking,"What kind of work do you do?" and proceeds to ask a series of standard questions,in order,about different possible symptoms.The psychologist is using a(n)_____ approach to interviewing.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropsychological 
B)  validity testing 
C)  structured 
D)  unstructured

Question 7

Robin has had disruptive behavior problems since childhood,has shown signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and could be characterized as having "externalizing" tendencies.According to your textbook,Robin is probably:

Accepted Answer

A)  American 
B)  not American 
C)  male 
D)  female

Question 8

This type of mental disorder involves a disruption in identity and travel to another location:

Accepted Answer

A)  dissociative amnesia 
B)  dissociative fugue 
C)  dissociative identity disorder 
D)  dissociative schizophrenia

Question 9

Which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group?

Accepted Answer

A)  histrionic, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive 
B)  avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 
C)  paranoid, dependent, and obsessive compulsive 
D)  antisocial, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive

Question 10

Most people with schizophrenia are diagnosed with the disorder in young adulthood (around 20-30 years of age).Recent studies show that as children they:

Accepted Answer

A)  were almost indistinguishable from their peers 
B)  showed more abnormal social behaviors compared to their peers 
C)  had difficulty learning language 
D)  showed excessive motor activity

Question 11

If schizophrenia did NOT have a genetic basis,then concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  very low 
B)  about 12 percent 
C)  about 25 percent 
D)  a little over 50 percent

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT an advantage of structured versus unstructured interviewing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structured interviewing is less dependent on the skill of the interviewer. 
B)  Structured interviewing gathers general and specific information. 
C)  Results using structured interviewing can be directly compared across research studies. 
D)  Structured interviewing allows the clinician to come up with an individualized and unique treatment plan.

Question 13

Mary was recently admitted to the psychiatric ward of a hospital.She does not seem to talk,except for mumbling a few incoherent phrases every few hours.When asked why she thought she was brought to the hospital,Mary just shrugged her shoulders,not seeming to understand the question.What is the best way for hospital staff to assess Mary's psychological state,and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  They should use a projective test, such as the Rorshach, because the Rorshach does not require Mary to talk. 
B)  They should use an objective test, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, because it can be completed by someone other than Mary. 
C)  They should perform a mental status exam, because it is based primarily on behavioral observation. 
D)  They should use the Thematic Apperception Test, because it is designed to be used with severely disturbed patients.

Question 14

Dysthymia is to depression as hypomania is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  mania 
B)  schizophrenia 
C)  anxiety disorders 
D)  borderline personality disorder

Question 15

One of the reasons personality disorders remain controversial in clinical practice is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they appear to be relatively temporary conditions that come and go unpredictably, so they should not be classified as real "disorders" 
B)  there is overlap among the traits associated with different personality disorders, so people are often diagnosed with more than one personality disorder at the same time 
C)  personality disorders appear to have very little in common with normal personality, so calling them "personality" disorders does not make sense 
D)  more than 75 percent of the population could be diagnosed with a personality disorder, which makes the diagnosis meaningless

Question 16

According to your textbook,people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder are less likely to learn from punishment because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they have a low level of arousal and do not experience punishment as aversive 
B)  they enjoy punishment, so the punishment becomes a reward 
C)  they do not understand that the punishment is connected to their behavior 
D)  their bad behavior is not typically punished

Question 17

Which of the following children would have the most difficult time making social-emotional connections with other children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tommy, who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 
B)  Willey, who has a disruptive behavior disorder 
C)  Chad, who has obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D)  Corey, who has autism

Question 18

People who suffer from depression are affected primarily by _____; people who suffer from bipolar disorder are affected primarily by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both mania and low mood; either mania or low mood 
B)  low mood; mania 
C)  low mood; low mood and mania 
D)  low mood; hallucinations and delusions

Question 19

According to the learned helplessness model of depression,people:

Accepted Answer

A)  think they have no control over the outcomes they experience 
B)  attribute outcomes to situational factors that are both specific and temporary 
C)  explain negative events as a result of their own negative personality traits 
D)  make errors in logic when explaining outcomes they have experienced

Question 20

A woman says,"The eagle takes flight at three o'clock and flies here from General Electric.I get my check from the eagle; he goes from the mailbox to make a payment.He's a secret spy for my husband and makes a shotgun sound." This woman is displaying a:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative symptom of schizophrenia 
B)  positive symptom of schizophrenia 
C)  negative symptom of bipolar disorder 
D)  positive symptom of bipolar disorder

Exam 14: Psychological Disorders