Question 1

LaVonne is majoring in engineering,but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her government classes.One day,when LaVonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering,she decides to change her major and become a lawyer.LaVonne's decision reflects which quality of emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase the probability of survival and reproduction. 
B)  They provide cues to facilitate interpersonal dynamics. 
C)  They provide information about significant personal goals. 
D)  They increase the probability of avoiding immediate danger.

Question 2

Reiko is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.She finally realizes she is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Reiko's exhaustion is a(n)_____,and going home to sleep is a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  goal; incentive 
B)  incentive; goal 
C)  need; drive 
D)  drive; need

Question 3

Sadao seems to make the same mistakes over and over again.His friends are constantly telling him,"Don't do that.Remember how badly it turned out the last time!" But Sadao never listens.He insists,every time,that this is a new situation.According to somatic marker theory,Sadao most likely has damage to his:

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  frontal lobes 
D)  prefrontal cortex

Question 4

Imagine you are in the forest and come across a bear.Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  I'm afraid because I'm shaking. 
B)  I'm shaking because I'm afraid. 
C)  My shaking must be due to fear because my house is on fire. 
D)  I'm shaking, and I'm afraid.

Question 5

John has a great capacity to empathize with others.He calls his parents three times a week.John's regular phone calls demonstrate that guilt:

Accepted Answer

A)  encourages behaviors that strengthen relationships 
B)  can be used to manipulate others 
C)  demonstrates caring 
D)  makes people faithful to their life partners

Question 6

Theories of motivation that are based on biological drives have trouble explaining why people engage in behaviors that:

Accepted Answer

A)  do not satisfy biological needs 
B)  do not generate high levels of arousal 
C)  are not motivated by specific goals 
D)  are maladaptive and habitual

Question 7

Negative feedback models describe the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium 
B)  homeostasis 
C)  drive fulfillment 
D)  goal setting

Question 8

Some people are generally happy and optimistic; other people are generally sad and pessimistic.One possible explanation for these general dispositions on life might be that optimistic people _____ and pessimistic people _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  show cerebral symmetry; show cerebral asymmetry 
B)  show cerebral asymmetry; show cerebral asymmetry 
C)  are left hemisphere dominant; are right hemisphere dominant 
D)  are right hemisphere dominant; are left hemisphere dominant

Question 9

Luiz is walking home late at night when he hears footsteps behind him.He is instantly frightened and gets ready to run.He glances over his shoulder and sees that it is the neighborhood police officer on patrol.Realizing there is nothing to fear,he calms down.Luiz's first response,fear,was processed by the path from the _____.His second response,calming,was processed by the path from the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamusàamygdala; thalamusàsensory cortexàamygdala 
B)  thalamusàsensory cortexàamygdala; thalamusàamygdala 
C)  amygdalaàthalamus; amygdalaàsensory cortexàthalamus 
D)  amygdalaàsensory cortexàthalamus; amygdalaàthalamus

Question 10

Blythe had a large and late breakfast.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The best explanation for Blythe's decision would come from:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  poor self-regulation 
C)  homeostatic adjustment 
D)  low self-efficacy

Question 11

Yelizaveta is very sad about her exam grade,which is lower than her last exam grade.She resolves to study differently for the next exam.Yelizaveta's resolution is primarily motivated by _____ her exam grade.

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-esteem from 
B)  the decline in 
C)  her cognitive assessment of 
D)  her emotions about

Question 12

How might the James-Lange theory of emotion describe the relationship between fear and trembling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fear and trembling are unrelated. 
B)  We tremble and feel afraid simultaneously. 
C)  We tremble because we feel afraid. 
D)  We feel afraid because we tremble.

Question 13

Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic.Today,however,his candidate for president has won the election,and Toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant.Toby's usual sadness and pessimism is a(n)_____; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion; mood 
B)  emotion; emotion 
C)  mood; emotion 
D)  mood; mood

Question 14

Jolene's mother does not like her boyfriend.The more her mother tells her that she is making a mistake,the more determined Jolene is to stay with her boyfriend.Jolene's behavior can be most clearly explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation 
B)  the pleasure principle 
C)  self-perception theory 
D)  psychological reactance

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with a high achievement motive?

Accepted Answer

A)  having unrealistically high career goals 
B)  setting attainable personal goals 
C)  scoring high on exams 
D)  obtaining high grades in career-related classes

Question 16

Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly.The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the _____; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus to the amygdala; thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala 
B)  thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala 
C)  hippocampus to the amygdala; thalamus to the frontal lobes to the amygdala 
D)  thalamus to the frontal lobes to the amygdala; hippocampus to the amygdala

Question 17

Dashawna has decided that she wants a new image.She goes to a new store and shops for the perfect outfit.Dashawna's decision to get a new image shows the _____ quality of motivation.Her trip to the store shows the _____ quality of motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  energizing; directive 
B)  energizing; persistent 
C)  directive; energizing 
D)  persistent; directive

Question 18

Marissa is learning to make soup.She is not sure how high the flame on the burner should be in order to cook it properly.On her first attempt,she uses such a low flame that the soup is not done in time for dinner.The next time,she uses a high flame,and the soup boils over.Finally,she uses a flame that is just high enough.Marissa's experience is analogous to the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

A)  needs and drives 
B)  drives and arousal 
C)  arousal and performance 
D)  needs and performance

Question 19

Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school.He is so anxious that he is having trouble working.To cope with the situation,he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process.By engaging in this _____,Blake is likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rumination; rebound and improve his mood 
B)  rumination; delay his medical school admissions 
C)  thought suppression; think about medical school even more 
D)  thought suppression; reduce his anxiety

Question 20

One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions.However,more recent research has shown that _____,which is _____ with the James-Lange theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation; inconsistent 
B)  different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation; consistent 
C)  adopting a happy facial expression leads to positive emotions; inconsistent 
D)  adopting a happy facial expression leads to positive emotions; consistent

Exam 10: Emotion and Motivation

Reiko is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.She finally realizes she is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Reiko's exhaustion is a(n) _,and going home to sleep is a(n) _.

Imagine you are in the forest and come across a bear.Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory of emotion?

John has a great capacity to empathize with others.He calls his parents three times a week.John's regular phone calls demonstrate that guilt:

Theories of motivation that are based on biological drives have trouble explaining why people engage in behaviors that:

Negative feedback models describe the process of:

Some people are generally happy and optimistic; other people are generally sad and pessimistic.One possible explanation for these general dispositions on life might be that optimistic people _ and pessimistic people _.

Blythe had a large and late breakfast.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The best explanation for Blythe's decision would come from:

Yelizaveta is very sad about her exam grade,which is lower than her last exam grade.She resolves to study differently for the next exam.Yelizaveta's resolution is primarily motivated by _____ her exam grade.

How might the James-Lange theory of emotion describe the relationship between fear and trembling?

Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic.Today,however,his candidate for president has won the election,and Toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant.Toby's usual sadness and pessimism is a(n) _; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n) _.

Jolene's mother does not like her boyfriend.The more her mother tells her that she is making a mistake,the more determined Jolene is to stay with her boyfriend.Jolene's behavior can be most clearly explained by:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with a high achievement motive?

Dashawna has decided that she wants a new image.She goes to a new store and shops for the perfect outfit.Dashawna's decision to get a new image shows the _ quality of motivation.Her trip to the store shows the _ quality of motivation.

Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school.He is so anxious that he is having trouble working.To cope with the situation,he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process.By engaging in this _,Blake is likely to _.

One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions.However,more recent research has shown that _,which is _ with the James-Lange theory.

Exam 10: Emotion and Motivation

Reiko is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.She finally realizes she is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Reiko's exhaustion is a(n) _____,and going home to sleep is a(n) _____.

Imagine you are in the forest and come across a bear.Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory of emotion?

John has a great capacity to empathize with others.He calls his parents three times a week.John's regular phone calls demonstrate that guilt:

Theories of motivation that are based on biological drives have trouble explaining why people engage in behaviors that:

Negative feedback models describe the process of:

Some people are generally happy and optimistic; other people are generally sad and pessimistic.One possible explanation for these general dispositions on life might be that optimistic people _____ and pessimistic people _____.

Blythe had a large and late breakfast.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The best explanation for Blythe's decision would come from:

Yelizaveta is very sad about her exam grade,which is lower than her last exam grade.She resolves to study differently for the next exam.Yelizaveta's resolution is primarily motivated by _____ her exam grade.

How might the James-Lange theory of emotion describe the relationship between fear and trembling?

Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic.Today,however,his candidate for president has won the election,and Toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant.Toby's usual sadness and pessimism is a(n) _____; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n) _____.

Jolene's mother does not like her boyfriend.The more her mother tells her that she is making a mistake,the more determined Jolene is to stay with her boyfriend.Jolene's behavior can be most clearly explained by:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with a high achievement motive?

Dashawna has decided that she wants a new image.She goes to a new store and shops for the perfect outfit.Dashawna's decision to get a new image shows the _____ quality of motivation.Her trip to the store shows the _____ quality of motivation.

Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school.He is so anxious that he is having trouble working.To cope with the situation,he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process.By engaging in this _____,Blake is likely to _____.

One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions.However,more recent research has shown that _____,which is _____ with the James-Lange theory.

Reiko is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.She finally realizes she is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Reiko's exhaustion is a(n) _,and going home to sleep is a(n) _.

Some people are generally happy and optimistic; other people are generally sad and pessimistic.One possible explanation for these general dispositions on life might be that optimistic people _ and pessimistic people _.

Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic.Today,however,his candidate for president has won the election,and Toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant.Toby's usual sadness and pessimism is a(n) _; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n) _.

Dashawna has decided that she wants a new image.She goes to a new store and shops for the perfect outfit.Dashawna's decision to get a new image shows the _ quality of motivation.Her trip to the store shows the _ quality of motivation.

Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school.He is so anxious that he is having trouble working.To cope with the situation,he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process.By engaging in this _,Blake is likely to _.

One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions.However,more recent research has shown that _,which is _ with the James-Lange theory.