Question 1

The fact that federal judges have relied on a discretionary use of the exclusionary rule in recent years means that

Accepted Answer

A)   states are no longer required to provide legal counsel to people accused of crimes.
B)   states no longer have to follow the Miranda rule.
C)   it is difficult to know whether a defendant will be protected from an illegal search under the Fourth Amendment.
D)   defendants will never be protected from illegal searches under the Fourth Amendment.
E)   defendants will always be protected from illegal searches under the Fourth Amendment. C

Question 2

The ________ of the First Amendment protect(s) an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses.

Accepted Answer

A)   establishment clause
B)   free association clause
C)   free exercise clause
D)   religious freedom restoration clause
E)   privileges and immunities C

Question 3

The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on government officials when they seek to regulate or restrict speech is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   libel
B)   prior restraint
C)   strict scrutiny
D)   speech plus
E)   due process C

Question 4

What did the Supreme Court justices decide in Kelo v. City of New London (2005)?

Accepted Answer

A)   Police officers must have probable cause before searching someone loitering on the street.
B)   A city can seize land from private owners and transfer it to another private owner as part of a redevelopment program.
C)   Individuals have restricted rights to free speech when they are on the property of private shopping malls.
D)   City governments cannot establish their own school districts.
E)   Using trained police dogs to look for drugs in cars stopped at roadblocks is unconstitutional.

Question 5

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court justices ruled that

Accepted Answer

A)   there was no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide.
B)   laws criminalizing gay sexual behavior are a violation of the right to privacy.
C)   states may compel a 48-hour waiting period before permitting a woman to have an abortion.
D)   mandatory locker searches in public schools did not violate the Fourth Amendment.
E)   states may require background checks for all individuals purchasing firearms.

Question 6

In West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), the Supreme Court justices announced that

Accepted Answer

A)   Amish children are not required to attend school past the age of twelve.
B)   children cannot be required to salute the flag if it violates their religious faith.
C)   children can be required to salute the flag even if it violates their religious faith.
D)   school officials are permitted greater authority to censor speech and expression than would be permissible off school grounds.
E)   prayer in school violates the establishment clause.

Question 7

Describe some of the rights of the accused that are found in the Bill of Rights. What is the exclusionary rule? What are Miranda rights? Why are the rights of the accused so essential to the due process of law?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the rights of the...

Question 8

During the Founding era, ________ were the strongest supporters of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.

Accepted Answer

A)   Federalists
B)   Antifederalists
C)   merchants and landowners
D)   slaves
E)   members of the military

Question 9

Conflicts over whether public schools should be allowed to assign reading from the Bible and lead nondenominational prayers are examples of disagreements about the

Accepted Answer

A)   meaning of selective incorporation.
B)   meaning of the establishment clause.
C)   applicability of prior restraint.
D)   applicability of the exclusionary rule.
E)   meaning of eminent domain.

Question 10

The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the right to bear arms
B)   the quartering of troops
C)   due process
D)   cruel and unusual punishment
E)   self-incrimination

Question 11

McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it

Accepted Answer

A)   applied the Second Amendment to state governments for the first time.
B)   rejected the idea that the Second Amendment applies to state governments.
C)   concluded that the Second Amendment applies only to state governments and not to the federal government.
D)   banned assault rifles in the United States.
E)   upheld the state of Illinois's restrictions on gun ownership by former felons.

Question 12

Which of the following rights is NOT found in the original, unamended Constitution?

Accepted Answer

A)   the guarantee of habeas corpus
B)   prohibition of ex post facto laws
C)   prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
D)   the guarantee of trial by jury in the state where the crime was committed
E)   prohibition of bills of attainder

Question 13

What is the standard for determining guilt in criminal cases?

Accepted Answer

A)   Guilt must be proven "beyond a reasonable doubt."
B)   Guilt must be proven "beyond any possible doubt whatsoever."
C)   Guilt is determined by "the preponderance of the evidence."
D)   Guilt is determined by the "standard of reasonableness."
E)   Guilt is determined according to different standards based on the severity of the crime.

Question 14

The Fourth Amendment protects against ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cruel and unusual punishment
B)   unreasonable searches and seizures
C)   self-incrimination
D)   quartering military troops in private homes
E)   prior restraint

Question 15

In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court justices articulated the principle that

Accepted Answer

A)   spending by or on behalf of a candidate for office is protected speech.
B)   libel is protected by the First Amendment, as long as the person libeled is a public figure.
C)   burning draft cards is a protected symbolic act, but only if it is done in public.
D)   the Espionage Act of 1917 was unconstitutional.
E)   government can regulate speech if the speech contains an incitement to imminent lawless action.

Question 16

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established the right

Accepted Answer

A)   to counsel in felony cases.
B)   against self-incrimination.
C)   to be informed of constitutional rights at the time of arrest.
D)   against suspicion-less searches and seizures.
E)   to an open trial before a judge.

Question 17

The substantive constraints found in the Bill of Rights

Accepted Answer

A)   put limitations on what government officials can and cannot do.
B)   define how government officials are supposed to act.
C)   define when government officials are supposed to act.
D)   discuss why government officials are allowed to do certain things but not others.
E)   define the powers of each branch of government in intricate detail.

Question 18

Why is Palko v. Connecticut (1937) an important case?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was the first time the Supreme Court announced a constitutionally protected right to privacy.
B)   The Supreme Court explained the process for determining which parts of the Bill of Rights would protect individuals against states as well as the national government.
C)   The Supreme Court established the "exclusionary rule" in this case.
D)   This case was the first time the Supreme Court upheld the free exercise protections for a nonmainstream religion.
E)   The Supreme Court ruled that persons under arrest must be informed of their right to remain silent.

Question 19

The right to remain silent is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.

Accepted Answer

A)   First
B)   Second
C)   Fifth
D)   Sixth
E)   Ninth

Question 20

________ prevents people from being tried twice for the same crime.

Accepted Answer

A)   Self-incrimination
B)   Double jeopardy
C)   Exclusion
D)   Unreasonable seizures
E)   Cruel and unusual punishment

Exam 4: Civil Liberties