Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the arousal motive?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the desire for an optimum level of arousal.
B)   It is rarely observed in non-human species.
C)   Performance is best when an organism is in a high state of arousal.
D)   Performance is best when an organism is in a low state of arousal. A

Question 2

Although researchers have found that basic emotions and their expression seem to be culturally universal, there are cultural differences in how, when, and where people express emotion. These differences are governed by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   manners
B)   mores
C)   social signals
D)   display rules D

Question 3

Hunger, arousal, and achievement are three basic _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   emotions
B)   feelings
C)   responses
D)   motives D

Question 4

Two parts of the brain that play an important role in emotion are the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus and cerebellum
B)   limbic system and cerebral cortex
C)   pituitary gland and brain stem
D)   CNS and PNS

Question 5

The evolutionary theory of emotions is supported by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   brain-scan studies
B)   Zuckerman's sensation-seeking studies
C)   cross-cultural studies
D)   Schachter's epinephrine studies

Question 6

Arousal detected by a polygraph is related to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   lying
B)   anxiety
C)   telling the truth
D)   all of the above

Question 7

Harold has a high need for achievement. Knowing this, you can most accurately predict that, given an opportunity to throw ten free shots from anywhere on a basketball court, Harold will stand _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   as close to the basket as possible
B)   just far enough from the basket to assure that he will never miss
C)   far enough away from the basket for it to be challenging, but close enough to allow some successes
D)   amazingly far away so that if he makes at least one basket, observers will be very impressed

Question 8

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, expressing an emotion should ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   diminish it
B)   change it
C)   intensify it
D)   have no impact on it

Question 9

The _____ motive causes us to look for a certain amount of novelty and complexity from our environment for no apparent reason.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensory
B)   social
C)   drive
D)   arousal

Question 10

Besides fear, anger, joy, and happiness, which of the following emotions have been found by all cross-cultural researchers in this field?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sign of pleasure or displeasure
B)   Shame and guilt
C)   Interest and anticipation
D)   none of the above

Question 11

_____ is one of the MOST important external factors related to when, what, where, and why we eat.

Accepted Answer

A)   Advertising
B)   Sound
C)   Cultural conditioning
D)   all of these options are equally important

Question 12

Extrinsic motivation is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the desire for rewards or threats of punishment
B)   the arousal motive
C)   the achievement motive
D)   all of these options

Question 13

What role does the stomach play in feelings of hunger?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pressure receptors in the stomach walls signal fullness or emptiness.
B)   Stomach contractions signal the brain that it is time to eat again.
C)   Fullness receptors and stomach contractions both play a role.
D)   None of these options

Question 14

According to the cognitive theory of motivation, which of the following students is MOST likely to study hard for the next psychology exam?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sasha believes she earned an "A" on this exam because the questions were easy.
B)   Endora believes she is a witch and can get whatever she wants by waving her arms and casting a spell.
C)   Martino believes he can bring his "C' up to an "B" or "A" next time.
D)   Clemy believes he studied as hard as he could for this exam and is very discouraged that he only got a "D."

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the U.S. congressional bill regarding the use of polygraph tests?

Accepted Answer

A)   Its use was moderately restricted in government.
B)   Its use was unlimited in private industry.
C)   Its use was severely restricted in the courts, government, and private industry.
D)   Its use was severely restricted in the courts.

Question 16

This theory says that emotions are physiologically similar and are due to simultaneous arousal, cognitive, and behavioral expressions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Schachter's Two Factor
B)   Cannon-Bard
C)   James-Lange
D)   Facial feedback

Question 17

Evolutionary theories of emotion propose that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   emotions play a role in survival and natural selection
B)   basic emotions originate in the limbic system
C)   basic emotions evolved before thought
D)   all of these options

Question 18

Animals that have been surgically prevented from experiencing physiological arousal still demonstrate behaviors that are characteristic of emotional arousal. This supports the _____ theory of emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cannon-Bard
B)   James-Lange
C)   Schachter's two-factor
D)   facial feedback

Question 19

_____ theories emphasize the importance of attributions and expectancies in motivating behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)   Attribution
B)   Motivational
C)   Achievement
D)   Cognitive

Question 20

The makers of a health-food cereal increased sales by offering a $2 rebate to purchasers. Sales rose during the rebate period, then fell below pre-rebate sales numbers when the rebate ended. The author of your textbook would explain this by suggesting that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the rebate convinced shoppers that the cereal was overpriced
B)   extrinsic rewards decreased the intrinsic value purchasers placed on the cereal
C)   the rebate decreased the status value of health food cereal
D)   there was no longer any incentive for shoppers to purchase this cereal

Exam 12: Motivation and Emotion