Question 1

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of the authoritarian personality (Adorno et al., 1950)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Submissive attitudes towards authority figures
B)  Rigid beliefs in conventional values
C)  General hostility towards other groups
D)  Intolerance of ambiguity
E)  Reared by a single mother E

Question 2

Minority influence can be used to explain social change during the American civil rights movement. Which of the following factors is NOT linked to Moscovici's requirements for effective minority influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  The members were willing to make sacrifices
B)  The members showed a high level of commitment
C)  It was clear that the campaigners carried moral authority
D)  The campaigners were consistent in their views
E)  The movement attracted a lot of media attention C

Question 3

The Stanford prison experiment was carried out by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Zimbardo
B)  Milgram
C)  Asch
D)  Franzoi
E)  Bales and Slater A

Question 4

What is said to occur when someone conforms in order that others will like/respect them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normative social influence
B)  Informational conformity
C)  Compliance
D)  Internalisation
E)  Conversion

Question 5

Which psychologist was largely responsible for studying minority influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Duck
B)  Crutchfield
C)  Milgram
D)  Hofling
E)  Moscovici

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT an ethical issue in Asch's conformity research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many participants were stressed and anxious when taking part
B)  Fully informed consent was not obtained
C)  Participants were put in a difficult and embarrassing situation
D)  Participants were deceived e.g. about the confederates
E)  The original participants were all male

Question 7

Which of the following studies did not find obedience rates similar to those found by Milgram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lesar et al.
B)  Turner and Solomon
C)  Hofling et al.
D)  Rank and Jacobsen
E)  Dambrun and Vatiné

Question 8

The types of conformity are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Culture, identification, and compliance
B)  Compliance and internalisation
C)  Internalisation and identification
D)  Identification and culture
E)  Compliance, internalisation, and identification

Question 9

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals who are high in conscientiousness are more conformist
B)  Conformity is greater in collectivistic cultures
C)  Uniqueness is valued more in individualistic cultures
D)  Students conformed more than non-students in Asch's study
E)  Women are more conformist than men

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a feature of having a high internal locus of control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low self esteem
B)  Low authoritarianism
C)  Increased independent behaviour
D)  Lower likelihood to conform to mistaken views
E)  Lower likelihood to obey unreasonable orders

Question 11

Which of the following is a suggestion from psychological research that the way to resist unreasonable demands for obedience is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Question authority if their demands seem unreasonable
B)  Educate people about the dangers of blind obedience
C)  Remind people they have personal responsibility
D)  Provide role models who refuse to obey
E)  All of these

Question 12

In Asch's (1951, 1956) original studies, a conformity rate of 37% was found. When he introduced the presence of a supporter into the situation, the conformity rate fell to:

Accepted Answer

A)  0
B)  0.05
C)  0.1
D)  0.26
E)  0.28

Question 13

Orne and Holland claimed that Milgram's study lacked mundane realism. This means that the study was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lacked strong characters
B)  Not very ordinary
C)  Conducted in an artificial controlled environment
D)  Didn't concern behaviour that we encounter in everyday life
E)  All of these

Question 14

Sherif (1935) carried out research to investigate:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bystander intervention
B)  Obedience
C)  Leadership
D)  Conformity
E)  Stereotyping

Question 15

In Milgram's studies, participants entered an ""agentic state"" where they became an instrument of the authority figure. What was the other state of consciousness suggested by Milgram, where we voluntarily direct our behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowledgeable state
B)  Authoritarian state
C)  Independent state
D)  Autonomous state
E)  Free state

Question 16

Perrin and Spencer claimed that the Asch effect was a ""child of its time"". This means:

Accepted Answer

A)  Asch based his conclusions on research with young people
B)  Levels of conformity don't change with time
C)  All of the these
D)  Children are more conformist
E)  The Asch effect is derived from a particular historical period

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of Moscovici's requirements for effective minority influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Commitment
B)  Obedience
C)  Flexibility
D)  Consistency
E)  Relevance

Question 18

The lowest obedience to authority caused by increased awareness of the learner's plight in Milgram's studies was found by manipulating which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remote feedback
B)  Touch proximity
C)  Proximity
D)  Voice feedback
E)  Visual feedback

Question 19

Blass and Schmitt's research showed people are most likely to obey because they perceive the authority has:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reward and referent power
B)  Coercive and informational power
C)  Legitimate and expert power
D)  All of these
E)  None of these

Question 20

What occurs when someone conforms because they really want to establish a relationship with those who are seeking to influence them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compliance
B)  Identification
C)  Internalisation
D)  Informational influence
E)  Normative influence

Exam 5: Emotion

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of the authoritarian personality (Adorno et al., 1950) ?