Question 1

It is rumored that there is something in the workplace that is causing persons employed there to feel ill. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ask researchers to set up a study to confirm the health hazard in the environment
B)   Assess the risk, including identifying any toxic substance
C)   Confirm the extent to which the illness resulted from intergroup agreement on the illness and cause
D)   Insist that the media not further spread stories of possible sick buildings until the truth of the situation can be studied B

Question 2

A young couple is searching for a home in a new neighborhood. Which of the following neighborhoods would most likely promote a healthy lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

A)   One near a large active military base
B)   One with excellent health facilities nearby
C)   One with high walkability
D)   One with superb recreational facilities C

Question 3

Which of the following is the cause of most preventable deaths in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alcohol
B)   Drug addictions
C)   Sexually transmitted diseases
D)   Tobacco D

Question 4

Which of the following factors have a profound, if sometimes unrecognized, impact on one's health? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Adequate resources to allow easy access to health services
B)   Interpersonal relationships with family and friends
C)   Local, state, and national policies
D)   Number and quality of health care providers within transportation range
E)   Physical neighborhood where one works and livesF)  Understanding the need for healthy lifestyle choices

Question 5

A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic for her first mammogram. Which of the following best describes the action of this client?

Accepted Answer

A)   Disease prevention
B)   Health improvement
C)   Health protection
D)   Primary health promotion

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the reason why so many Americans are obese?

Accepted Answer

A)   Culture requires eating at celebrations and holidays.
B)   For many people, caloric intake is more than needed for their physical activity.
C)   Physical education is no longer a required subject in most elementary and secondary schools.
D)   The expected portion size in restaurants has vastly increased over time.

Question 7

A nurse is using the health belief model to help a client improve lifestyle choices. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely implement? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Conduct an ongoing public information campaign to motivate people to take action
B)   Emphasize how important it is to change behavior immediately
C)   Examine the individual's perceptions of his or her health in relation to current lifestyle behavior choices
D)   Review how lifestyle changes can reduce risk and improve the client's life
E)   Share statistics regarding the probability of health problems and their seriousness if action is not takenF)  Use communication channels to send reminders of action currently needed

Question 8

Which of the following actions have been effective in reducing problems related to alcohol use? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Abstinence education programs in elementary schools
B)   Enforcement of ban on sales of alcohol to minors
C)   Increased taxes on alcoholic beverages
D)   Media campaigns that show unpleasant behaviors such as vomiting after drinking
E)   Stringent laws on accurate labeling of alcoholic content in beveragesF)  Suggesting children be taught appropriate use of alcohol in the home

Question 9

A nurse asks a client how she has been sleeping. Which of the following best describes the rationale behind this question? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Accidents and injury may occur with the sleep-deprived client at fault.
B)   Interventions for sleep problems are primarily common sense.
C)   Many adults report sleep problems or occasional lack of sleep.
D)   Many important functions occur during sleep.
E)   Nurses can determine whether the patient has a sleep disorder.F)  A sleep assessment is easy and inexpensive to complete.

Question 10

Some people believe that the air within their workplace makes them ill. Which of the following premises support this belief?

Accepted Answer

A)   They consistently feel worse on workdays and weeks without holidays.
B)   There has been media coverage of "sick buildings" where there is very little air exchange with fresh air outside.
C)   Research has demonstrated that some buildings emit poisonous vapors that make anyone who works there ill.
D)   When a small group of persons begins to believe something, the others in the larger group begin to believe it as well.

Question 11

The nurse working with a client to change behavior to maximize health asked the client to bring his family to the next visit. Which of the following best describes why the nurse wants the family to come with the client?

Accepted Answer

A)   To analyze the family's beliefs about health
B)   To determine the family's support of the client
C)   To establish the family's communication patterns
D)   To evaluate the family's approval of the proposed changes

Question 12

A nurse is using the theory of planned behavior when working with a client to change her behavior and improve her health. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)   If environmental limitations may prevent the person from acting
B)   The availability of needed environmental supports for the client
C)   The client's belief about factors that may facilitate or impede the behavior
D)   If the suggested behavior is actually the most effective approach

Question 13

A nurse is using Pender's model to explain what influences individuals to pursue health promotion activities. Which of the following factors would be examined? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   A belief that one can change one's behaviors
B)   Environmental choices possible
C)   Fear of negative consequences if action is not taken
D)   The rewards one believes will result if action is taken
E)   The threat of an early death if behavior is not changedF)  What one's family and peers believe should be done

Question 14

Which of the following best describes why risk reduction is of such importance in the United States today?

Accepted Answer

A)   Families suffer when family members die from avoidable causes.
B)   Risk reduction activities will decrease insurance costs to individuals and their employers.
C)   The leading causes of death are all related to lifestyle choices.
D)   Risk reduction can decrease the ongoing rise in national health care expenditures.

Question 15

During a health history, the client looked confused and said, "But everybody drinks, like at parties and such. How much drinking do you think is too much?" Which of the following would be most appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Alcohol should be used only in moderation."
B)   "It's okay as long as you don't binge, and you eat food with your drinks."
C)   "Per day, no more than one drink for women and two drinks for men."
D)   "Total abstinence is the only healthy choice."

Question 16

A nurse is using the theory of reasoned action when working with a client to exercise on a regular basis. Which of the following would be the easiest way for the nurse to determine if the client will engage in this activity?

Accepted Answer

A)   The client's intention to exercise regularly
B)   The client's perception of the threat of illness if he doesn't exercise regularly
C)   Society's emphasis on the importance of regular exercise
D)   The pros and cons of regular exercise

Question 17

Which of the following risk factors are least subject to modification?

Accepted Answer

A)   Choice of lifestyle behaviors
B)   Environmental exposure
C)   Nutritional options
D)   Recreational activities

Question 18

A nurse reviewed information before meeting with the community residents who were attending a program on healthful living. Which of the following best describes the action by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)   Disease prevention
B)   Health promotion
C)   Health improvement
D)   Specific protection

Question 19

A nurse was becoming frustrated. It had been 2 weeks, and although the client had verbalized that the best time of day to take a 15-minute walk was early in the morning, the client had not begun to exercise. Which of the following principles of the Transtheoretical Model had the nurse forgotten? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   A decision to act always occurs before action begins.
B)   Behavior change is difficult and takes time.
C)   Continuing to stress to the client how important exercise is will help the client decide to exercise.
D)   Discussing with the client why he or she is not yet exercising may help the client recognize his or her own resistance.
E)   The nurse should offer some reward if the person exercises for at least a week.F)  Verbalizing compassion for how difficult it is to change is a crucial intervention.

Question 20

A nurse was becoming frustrated. She had given her client extensive information on his health problem, but the client continued to be noncompliant in making needed changes. Which of the following principles had the nurse forgotten?

Accepted Answer

A)   A person may have a higher priority than improving his or her health.
B)   Information, while necessary, will not motivate people to change.
C)   People need repetition over time to be able to absorb information.
D)   Physicians, not nurses, are perceived as experts in health.

Exam 4: Health Promotion and Risk Reduction