Question 1

In a typical mental-scanning paradigm experiment, participants memorize a map; the map is then removed from view and participants are asked to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recall the names of the places on the map 
B)  recall how many colours were used on the map 
C)  suggest what is likely to be represented in the other contiguous maps 
D)  imagine moving from one location to another on the map

Question 2

Baddeley and Hitch (1974) argued that Atkinson and Shiffrin's model was incomplete, and that it was necessary to conceptualize STM as also involving an active working processor because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  some tasks are impaired less than predicted when performed together with others simpler tasks 
B)  the brain blood flow was increased more than accounted for by a simple storage task 
C)  subjects with elevated IQ performed better than those with low IQ in certain tasks 
D)  tasks involving mathematical calculations are consistently more demanding than those involving grammar

Question 3

Paulesu et al. (1993) found that Brodmann area ________ was linked to the phonological store.

Accepted Answer

A)  19 of the occipital cortex 
B)  40 (BA 40) in the parietal lobe 
C)  17 of the occipital cortex 
D)  18 of the occipital cortex

Question 4

The first version of Baddeley's multicomponent model (1974) consists of ________ components.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 5

In Broadbent's model, primary memory encompasses two subsystems: the S-System and the P-system. The P-System ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is pre-categorical 
B)  is post-categorical 
C)  is directly fed by the sensory systems 
D)  can be manipulated by the central executive

Question 6

Scoville and Milner (1957) argued that the ________, which were ablated in H.M.'s surgery, were responsible for long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's and Wernicke's areas 
B)  parietal cortex and dorso-lateral frontal cortex 
C)  medial temporal lobe with the hippocampi 
D)  dorso-lateral frontal cortex and occipital cortex

Question 7

Several experiments by Miller (1956) showed that humans are limited to processing about ________, plus or minus two.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  seven 
D)  ten

Question 8

The Atkinson and Shiffrin's model predicts that delaying report and preventing rehearsal during that delay will impede the recency effect but not the primacy effect because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  material in long-term memory will be lost during the delay but material encoded into short-term memory will not be affected 
B)  of the so-called output artifact 
C)  material in short-term memory will be lost during the delay but material encoded into long-term memory will not be affected 
D)  the recency effect depends on the long-term memory systems

Question 9

Paulesu et al. (1993) found that that ________ is linked to the articulatory loop.

Accepted Answer

A)  Brodmann area 19 of the occipital cortex 
B)  Broca's area in the frontal lobe (BA 44 and BA 45) 
C)  18 of the occipital cortex 
D)  17 of the occipital cortex

Question 10

What experimental evidence supports Baddeley's notion that the episodic buffer requires additional resources and operates independently of the phonological lop and the visuospatial sketchpad?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What experimental evidence supports Baddeley's notion that...

Question 11

What is the episodic buffer and what does it do?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the episodic buffer and what...

Question 12

The current interpretation of the combined data by Malmo (1942) and Jacobsen (1936) is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  STM is localized to the PFC 
B)  STM is localized to the PFC but controlled by the occipital cortex 
C)  the PFC may mediate control of STM, but that STM was not localized in the PFC 
D)  STM is localized to the PFC but controlled by the medial temporal cortex

Question 13

The critical finding of Jacobsen's experiments (1936) was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral lesion of PFC did not impair recall in delayed response tasks, but they did when no delay was interposed 
B)  bilateral lesion of PFC impaired recall in delayed response tasks, but not recall without delay 
C)  bilateral lesion of occipital cortex impaired recall in delayed response tasks, but not recall without delay 
D)  bilateral lesion of medial temporal cortex impaired recall in delayed response tasks, but not recall without delay

Question 14

Working memory is different in that it does require attention, and because it requires attention it involves different regions of the brain than short-term memory. Attentional control is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PF
C) , the inferior parietal cortex and the anterior cingulate 
B)  the medial temporal cortex 
C)  the occipital cortex 
D)  the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PF
C) , the superior parietal cortex and the posterior cingulate

Question 15

The case of H.M. influenced early models of memory because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  showed that we could obtain useful information from clinical cases 
B)  confirmed the hypotheses by Lashley 
C)  promoted the search for the engram 
D)  demonstrated that distinct memory systems are present

Question 16

The impetus for Broadbent's model was provided by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the observation that H.M. had lost written but not spoken language 
B)  the inconsistencies of Lashley's model 
C)  the neurological dissociation between long-term memory and short-term memory shown by H.M. 
D)  the observation that H.M. had lost short-term but not long-term memory

Question 17

The early interpretation of Jacobsen's experiments (1936) was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  that poor performance in the delayed response task was not due to a problem with perception or movement but that the medial temporal lobe was responsible for "immediate memory" 
B)  because of the cortical lesions, the subjects had impaired attention 
C)  that poor performance in the delayed response task was due to a problem with perception or movement 
D)  that poor performance in the delayed-response task was not due to a problem with perception or movement but that the PFC was responsible for "immediate memory"

Question 18

In the current version of the multicomponent model (2013), Baddeley connects the visuospatial sketchpad directly to the LTM because of an assumption that this would facilitate ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  motor learning 
B)  academic learning 
C)  language learning 
D)  spatial learning

Question 19

What are the central executive, the phonological loop, and the visuospatial sketchpad? What is each responsible for?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the central executive, the phonological...

Question 20

The n-back task is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an experimental paradigm where participants are shown a string of information and, while each item is presented, must complete a task related to the item presented n items earlier 
B)  an experimental paradigm where participants are shown a string of information and, after each item is presented, must complete a task related to the item presented n items earlier 
C)  a test of the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad in which a string of objects is presented multiple times and the subject has to recall the object presented n-times 
D)  a test of long-term memory in which n denotes the length in hours or days of the delay between presentation and test

Exam 3: Short-Term Memory and Working Memory