Question 1

Which of the following symptoms of hypoglycemia can be explained by glucose deprivation of the brain rather than the adrenal glands: (1)blurred vision, (2)incoherent speech, (3)sweating, (4)tachycardia?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  1, 2 
D)  3, 4

Question 2

The glycosylated hemoglobin test more accurately measures the patient's overall serum glucose control than the serum glucose test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Human insulin is made from pork insulin by:

Accepted Answer

A)  recombinant DNA synthesis. 
B)  gene splicing in Escherichia coli. 
C)  transpeptidation. 
D)  transamination. 
E)  glycosylation.

Question 4

Which of the following oral antidiabetic agents is a bile-acid sequestrant used to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pramlintide 
B)  Colesevelam 
C)  DPP-4s 
D)  Glucagon

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of metformin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a member of the a-glucosidase inhibitor group of antidiabetic agents. 
B)  It lowers blood glucose but, used alone, does not produce hypoglycemia. 
C)  It decreases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, resulting in increased hepatic glucose production. 
D)  Lactic acidosis is a common, but benign side effect.

Question 6

Insulin is usually administered:

Accepted Answer

A)  orally. 
B)  by subcutaneous injection. 
C)  by intramuscular injection. 
D)  by intravenous injection.

Question 7

More people are diagnosed with type II diabetes in the United States than are diagnosed with type I diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Exenatide (Byetta)is the first of a new class of drugs called:

Accepted Answer

A)  incretin mimetics. 
B)  oral hypoglycemic agents. 
C)  euglycemic agents. 
D)  oral antidiabetic agents.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is the mechanism of action of nonsulfonylurea secretagogues such as repaglinide (Prandin)and nateglinide (Starlix)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are competitive, reversible inhibitors of GI tract enzymes: intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. 
B)  They increase the insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. 
C)  They increase hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, resulting in decreased hepatic glucose production. 
D)  They bind to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)sensitive potassium channels on beta cells and increase insulin resistance.

Question 10

Insulin resistance develops because of prolonged _____ and resulting _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia 
B)  hyperglycemia; hypoinsulinemia 
C)  hypoglycemia; hyperinsulinemia 
D)  hypoglycemia; hypoinsulinemia

Question 11

Diabetes is the major cause of blindness in adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which form of insulin has a faster onset of action as a consequence of exchanging two amino acids in its structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pork insulin 
B)  NPH insulin 
C)  Prompt zinc insulin 
D)  Lispro insulin 
E)  Protamine zinc insulin

Question 13

Acarbose lowers blood glucose by:

Accepted Answer

A)  slowing glucose absorption. 
B)  enhancing insulin secretion. 
C)  decreasing hepatic glucose production. 
D)  increasing peripheral glucose uptake.

Question 14

The hemoglobin A1C level should be more than 50% to reduce the incidence and progression of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Which of the following symptoms of hypoglycemia can be explained by glucose deprivation of the brain rather than the adrenal glands: (1) blurred vision, (2) incoherent speech, (3) sweating, (4) tachycardia?

The glycosylated hemoglobin test more accurately measures the patient's overall serum glucose control than the serum glucose test.

Human insulin is made from pork insulin by:

Which of the following oral antidiabetic agents is a bile-acid sequestrant used to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?

Which of the following statements is true of metformin?

Insulin is usually administered:

More people are diagnosed with type II diabetes in the United States than are diagnosed with type I diabetes.

Exenatide (Byetta) is the first of a new class of drugs called:

Which of the following statements is the mechanism of action of nonsulfonylurea secretagogues such as repaglinide (Prandin) and nateglinide (Starlix) ?

Insulin resistance develops because of prolonged _ and resulting _.

Diabetes is the major cause of blindness in adults.

Which form of insulin has a faster onset of action as a consequence of exchanging two amino acids in its structure?

Acarbose lowers blood glucose by:

The hemoglobin A1C level should be more than 50% to reduce the incidence and progression of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes.