Question 1

Between 1946 and 1948 the U.S. government conducted experiments in which they intentionally tried to infect Guatemalan prisoners with syphilis and gonorrhea to study the effects of these diseases. Why were these experiments stopped?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the medical professionals felt it was unethical to conduct such experiments 
B)  Because of the public outrage when the experiments were discovered 
C)  Because the researchers found it was too difficult to infect the prisoners with the viruses 
D)  Because too many prisoners ended up dying from the infections

Question 2

Providing trained interpreters is

Accepted Answer

A)  a legal requirement that medical facilities often meet. 
B)  a professional requirement that medical facilities often meet. 
C)  a legal requirement that medical facilities often fail to meet. 
D)  a professional requirement that medical facilities often fail to meet.

Question 3

Domenech Rodríguez (2018) coined the term ___________ to refer to the "passive and pervasive ways in which individuals are shaped by their environments and that result in our unchecked implicit attitudes and biases".

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural racism 
B)  cultural programming 
C)  implicit associations 
D)  unconscious bias

Question 4

One the following is an example of a health disparity.

Accepted Answer

A)  A research study conducted with only European American participants. 
B)  A medical office that provides office signs, consent forms, and other documents only in English. 
C)  Systemically higher rates of HIV infection in lesbian, gay, and transgender youth. 
D)  A cisgender male doctor who routinely calls his cisgender female patients "honey".

Question 5

Which of the following accurate summarizes the Common-Sense Model of health behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perceptions of illness predict emotional response. Emotional response predicts the evaluation of distress. Evaluation of distress predicts how individuals revise their perceptions of illness and future emotional response. 
B)  Emotional responses predict coping. Coping predicts the evaluation of coping. Evaluation of coping predicts how individuals revise their emotional responses and future coping. 
C)  Perceptions of discrimination predict coping. Coping predicts the evaluation of coping. Evaluation of coping predicts how individuals revise their perceptions of discrimination and future coping. 
D)  Perceptions of illness predict coping. Coping predicts the evaluation of coping. Evaluation of coping predicts how individuals revise their perceptions of illness and future coping.

Question 6

A medical provider believes she is providing equal care to all her patients and values her patients regardless of race or ethnic background. However, outcome data show that she prescribes medications differently to her European American patients compared to her Asian American patients. She most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  holds implicit biases, which are not in conscious awareness. 
B)  holds explicit biases, which are in conscious awareness. 
C)  is in denial about her racism. 
D)  is lying about her value for equal care.

Question 7

One of the following is an example of health care disparity

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematically higher death rates from heart disease among Blacks compared to European Americans. 
B)  Systematic differential quality of treatment to low income patients in relation to their higher income counterparts (e.g., providers give more information about preventive services to high income patients). 
C)  Systematic differences across healthcare facilities in the number of providers of color. 
D)  Systematic difference in the preference of patients of color for a particular clinic over others.

Question 8

Which group tends to practice better health habits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Younger, more affluent, better-educated people under low levels of stress 
B)  Younger, less affluent, moderately educated people, under low levels of stress 
C)  Generally, people from lower socioeconomic classes 
D)  Generally, older, better-educated people under moderate levels of stress

Question 9

The fact that rural populations are at risk for receiving poorer-quality health care illustrates the effect of ______________ on health disparities.

Accepted Answer

A)  race 
B)  geography 
C)  gender 
D)  language

Question 10

O'Brien et al. (2010) measured what was important to patients in their interactions with their physicians. Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the findings of this research?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the cultural groups in the study expressed exactly the same concerns. 
B)  All of the cultural groups emphasized the importance of the physician's genuine concern for patients. 
C)  African American women often cited frustration with physician's invalidating their perspective. 
D)  Latinxs emphasized the importance of technical competence.

Question 11

Among the different factors affecting access to health care, which is the most important factor to be considered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patients' perceptions 
B)  Entry into the health care system 
C)  Structural barriers 
D)  Utilization of care

Question 12

What are the MAIN causes of health disparities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unfeeling health care professionals 
B)  Racism, poverty, and structural barriers to accessing health care 
C)  Increasing diversity in the United States 
D)  Laziness on the part of ethnic minorities

Question 13

Based on American values, the best health care should be provded for whom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Everyone 
B)  The wealthy, because they deserve it 
C)  The middle class, because they keep America going 
D)  Poor college students

Question 14

A Kaiser Family Foundation report provided ratings across ethnic groups on 29 measures of health status and outcomes. Which of the following groups had better indicators than European Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)  European Americans 
B)  Asian Americans 
C)  American Indian/Alaska Native women 
D)  Black women

Question 15

Information about the abuses against Black research participants in the Tuskegee Experiment was exposed due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  Equal Opportunity Act. 
B)  Freedom of Information Act. 
C)  Voting Rights Act. 
D)  Civil Rights Act.

Question 16

Which ethnic groups are most likely than European Americans to delay or forgo care because of costs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blacks and Latinxs 
B)  Blacks and American Indians/Alaska Natives 
C)  American Indian/Alaska Natives, Blacks, and Latinxs 
D)  American Indian/Alaska Natives and Latinxs

Question 17

Kim was told she needed a "card" to get medical help but she didn't know what that was. This story illustrates the effects of __________ on health care disparities.

Accepted Answer

A)  racism 
B)  language 
C)  structural barriers 
D)  age

Question 18

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding gender differences and health disparities?

Accepted Answer

A)  African American women were less likely to receive a flu vaccine than European American women. 
B)  Women of color were less likely to be diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer than European American women. 
C)  Asian/Pacific Islander women were less likely than European American women to enroll in substance use treatment within 14 days of their diagnosis. 
D)  Providers for Black and Latinx women with chronic renal failure failed to meet the standard of not prescribing potentially harmful medications more often than with European American women.

Question 19

What is one way to decrease health care disparities for people of color?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the number of people of color in the health care field 
B)  Increase health care costs 
C)  Increase the number of health care clinics in suburban areas 
D)  Decrease the number of bilingual health care workers

Question 20

One of the following is NOT a barrier to people of color for accessing health care services

Accepted Answer

A)  Access to desktop computers. 
B)  Access to a smartphone. 
C)  Access to providers of their ethnic group. 
D)  Language.

Exam 8: Culture and Health