Question 1

Most ________ are based on agriculture; have large, permanent settlements; a centralized political structure, a formal leader authorized to use force; and formal ranking.

Accepted Answer

A)   chiefdoms
B)   egalitarian societies
C)   species
D)   bands A

Question 2

What is the understanding of one's universe called?

Accepted Answer

A)   archeoastronomy
B)   cosmic philosophy
C)   deism
D)   cosmology D

Question 3

What is the study of past ways of thought, as inferred from material remains, called?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive archaeology
B)   social archaeology
C)   psychological archaeology
D)   processual archaeology A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a method archaeologists use to study gender in an ancient society?

Accepted Answer

A)   burial analysis
B)   thin section analysis
C)   dietary analysis
D)   artistic representations

Question 5

The belief in a society of deities is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   monotheism
B)   animism
C)   deism
D)   polytheism

Question 6

What is the difference between cosmology and archeoastronomy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between cosmology and...

Question 7

A life-size terracotta army of 7,000 soldiers was excavated near the tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi, who was the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   first emperor of China
B)   last emperor of China
C)   first emperor of the Han Dynasty
D)   last emperor of the Zhou Dynasty

Question 8

What are the ways in which individuals can be identified in the archaeological record?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the ways in which individuals...

Question 9

When archaeologists assume that the earliest ethnographic or historically known group in an area is the direct descendant of the latest archaeological group in the same area, this is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ethnographic analogy
B)   ethnographic determinism
C)   the direct historical approach
D)   historical archaeology

Question 10

Discuss the differences among bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the differences among bands, tribes, chiefdoms,...

Question 11

Describe how archaeologists see the society, social structure, and social organization of ancient people as different topics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how archaeologists see the society, social...

Question 12

Large-scale images or designs made by removing soil or by piling rocks to create lines or designs are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   geoglyphs
B)   pictographs
C)   representational art
D)   petroglyphs

Question 13

Anatomically modern humans are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Australopithecus
B)   Homo erectus
C)   Homo sapiens sapiens
D)   Neanderthals

Question 14

Small-scale, nonstratified societies with hunting and gathering as their primary subsistence system are typically organized as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chiefdoms
B)   states
C)   civilizations
D)   bands

Question 15

In Mesoamerica, religious items were often deposited in cenotes, which are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ceremonial temples
B)   earthen altars
C)   large, natural wells
D)   sacred caves

Question 16

Describe the various theories of the origin of states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the various theories of the origin...

Question 17

All societies have ________ systems, with rules (or social norms) for descent, reciprocity, marriage, and residence.

Accepted Answer

A)   kinship
B)   urban
C)   band
D)   chiefdom

Question 18

If only functional criteria can be tied to an object, its most likely use is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonutilitarian
B)   utilitarian
C)   ceremonial
D)   symbolic

Question 19

States are characterized by all of the following except for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   large populations
B)   social stratification
C)   formal record-keeping
D)   egalitarianism

Question 20

The theory that suggests the need to defend agricultural systems led to state formation is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   agricultural theory
B)   warfare theory
C)   multicausal theory
D)   irrigation theory

Exam 11: Interpreting Past Cultural Systems