Question 1

U.S. president Richard M. Nixon's 1972 visit to what country helped to speed up the process of détente between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vietnam 
B)  The Soviet Union 
C)  Cuba 
D)  China

Question 2

What were some of the policies enacted by Lyndon B. Johnson that prompted the Black novelist Ralph Ellison to call him "the greatest American president for the poor and the Negroes"?

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Question 3

Describe how Margaret Thatcher reshaped the West's political and economic ideas in the 1980s. What impact did her policies have on Europe? What were the consequences of her economic and political policies?

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Question 4

Which of the following is an example of how postindustrial life in the Soviet bloc differed from life in the West?

Accepted Answer

A)  The percentage of farmers remained higher in the Soviet bloc than in western Europe, despite changes and the consolidation of farming. 
B)  Fewer women worked in the Soviet bloc than in western Europe, where 80 to 95 percent of women worked full time. 
C)  Women earned the same wages as men in the Soviet bloc, whereas there continued to be a gap between men's and women's wages in the West. 
D)  The line between professional and industrial occupations became more blurred in the Soviet bloc than in western Europe.

Question 5

Describe the groups who were most active in protests beginning in the 1960s. To what extent might the prosperity of society have contributed to their anger?

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Question 6

As neoliberalism took hold in the 1980s and 1990s and European governments began cutting the welfare state, which country maintained a full array of social programs?

Accepted Answer

A)  France 
B)  Sweden 
C)  West Germany 
D)  Ireland

Question 7

What was the title of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's book that detailed life in Soviet forced-labor camps and brought about his expulsion from the USSR?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Book of Laughter and Forgetting 
B)  The Gulag Archipelago 
C)  The Unbearable Lightness of Being 
D)  Divided Heaven

Question 8

What was the Solidarity movement?
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Question 9

Historians have observed that, whereas early modern families focused their efforts on independent subsistence production and the teaching of craft skills to younger generations, postindustrial families

Accepted Answer

A)  increased production-even in relative terms-because more family members worked outside the home. 
B)  squandered their resources and neglected their young. 
C)  served a predominantly psychological purpose, with parents providing emotional support to children who gained their intellectual skills in school. 
D)  saw a drop in their standard of living-in relative terms-because the hectic demands of postindustrial life had negative health effects, resulting in a decrease in production.

Question 10

Richard Nixon won election as president of the United States in 1968 partly because of what campaign promise?

Accepted Answer

A)  That he would bring peace to Vietnam 
B)  That he would support political protesters in the United States 
C)  That he would introduce an equal rights amendment to the U.S. Constitution 
D)  That he would clean up government, especially the financing of political campaigns

Question 11

Why did European governments in the postwar era fund both radio and television broadcasting with tax dollars?

Accepted Answer

A)  To secure broadcasting space for government programming aimed at instilling democratic values and inuring the populace to Communist propaganda 
B)  To elevate the quality of programming and avoid what they perceived as the substandard fare offered by American commercial TV 
C)  As part of their attempt to stabilize the ever-weakening social order 
D)  As part of a broader effort to stay several steps ahead of the Soviet Union's eastern-bloc countries in providing a desirable quality of life for their citizenry

Question 12

Why did Soviet-bloc nations often have great difficulty applying their achievements in science to commercial applications?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Soviets continued to be suspicious of their satellite states' intentions and insisted on burdensome monitoring of their research and development efforts. 
B)  The process of gaining bureaucratic approval for innovations was inefficient, and findings often became obsolete before they could be applied to technology. 
C)  The slow but steady brain drain to the West continued with the flight of hundreds of researchers and scientists. 
D)  The Soviet bloc's emphasis on heavy industry offered ambitious scientists few incentives to produce for domestic consumption.

Question 13

What was the climactic moment of the "space race" between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

A)  When U.S. astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin walked on the moon's surface before a worldwide television audience in July 1969 
B)  When the Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik into orbit in 1957 
C)  When Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space in 1963 
D)  When the American space crew of the Apollo 13 mission lost an oxygen tank in space and returned to earth in a "lifeboat" module in April 1970

Question 14

Which of the following nations experienced the greatest concentration of popular demonstrations against communism from 1989 through 1990?
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Accepted Answer

A)  East Germany 
B)  Poland 
C)  Hungary 
D)  Lithuania

Question 15

The combination of economic conditions-rising prices, rising interest rates, and high unemployment-that hit the oil-dependent Western nations as a result of the OPEC oil embargo became known as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stagflation 
B)  Trickle-down economics 
C)  Hyperinflation 
D)  Depression

Question 16

What did one philosopher mean when, in the last third of the twentieth century, she proclaimed that people had become cyborgs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Technology had advanced so greatly that transplants, artificial limbs, contact lenses, and other intrusive medical innovations had become a regular part of life. 
B)  People had become so fascinated with outer space that they were more interested in space technology than they were in their own lives. 
C)  People had become so reliant on machines that they were no longer self-sufficient; instead, they needed machines to sustain ordinary life processes. 
D)  Modern culture was so alienating that people in society functioned more like machines than sentient beings.

Question 17

The Black Panthers compared their struggle in the United States to

Accepted Answer

A)  slaves fighting for liberty in the U.S. Civil War. 
B)  Communists overthrowing the tsar in the Russian revolution. 
C)  sans-culottes throwing off their oppressors in the French Revolution. 
D)  the struggles of formerly colonized peoples for independence.

Question 18

The Airbus project was an example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  marketplace advantages of U.S. multinational corporations in the global sphere. 
B)  cooperation among government, business, and science and among members of the Common Market. 
C)  ability of the Soviet bloc to build viable consumer goods that could compete in the global marketplace. 
D)  ability of French corporations to compete with conglomerates and multinationals.

Question 19

In what ways could protests by European students in the 1960s be characterized as an expression of individualism, and how did they show this in their lifestyles and attire?

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Question 20

In what ways was the study of anthropology, and the work of Claude Lévi-Strauss in particular, influenced by the ways in which Western societies were ordered and run?

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Exam 28: Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989