Question 1

Distinguish between the focal concerns Miller identified in lower-class subcultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between the focal concerns Miller identified...

Question 2

According to Ronald Akers, it is the ______, combined with specific contexts, that encourage or discourage the initial delinquent or deviant acts.

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency of social control 
B)  quantity of conformist models 
C)  availability of deviant models 
D)  anticipated balance of reinforcement

Question 3

Summarize Sellin's ideas about the relationship between culture, crime, and deviance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize Sellin's ideas about the relationship between...

Question 4

In the social learning approach, negative formal and informal sanctions and norm-abiding definitions can counter the influence of reinforcement, exposure to deviant models, and norm-violating definitions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In anomie theory, what category would described White nationalists who seek to overthrow the government of a democratic state founded on the principles of equality for all and replace it with a government dedicated to fostering racial inequality?

Accepted Answer

A)  conformist 
B)  retreatist 
C)  ritualist 
D)  rebellion

Question 6

According to differential association theory, criminal subcultures perpetuate criminal and deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What provides the conceptual foundation of Robert Agnew's strain theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  subcultures 
B)  class 
C)  anomie 
D)  power

Question 8

Identify the processes that determine if an individual becomes criminal, according to the social learning approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the processes that determine if an...

Question 9

The proletariat are the owners of the means of production in society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to ______, the more Jennifer hangs out with a group of people who are comfortable breaking the law, the greater the likelihood that Jennifer will learn how to break the law, how to justify breaking the law, and rationales explaining why the law should be broken.

Accepted Answer

A)  subculture violence theory 
B)  differential association theory 
C)  social disorganization theory 
D)  strain theory

Question 11

Thio's ______ of deviance suggests that deviance may be viewed along a range of lower to higher consensus acts.

Accepted Answer

A)  power relations concept 
B)  conflict model 
C)  power theory 
D)  social integration model

Question 12

Paraphrase the ninth proposition in Sutherland's differential association theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paraphrase the ninth proposition in Sutherland's differential...

Question 13

The terms "latent functions" and "dysfunctions" both refer to phenomena that are recognized by participants in a social system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Unlike other approaches to the study of deviant behavior, the social learning approaches focus exclusively on what causes people to stop being deviant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Murphy accepts the socially approved goal of obtaining wealth but is unable to access the educational system that is the traditional path to achieving that goal. Instead, he begins stealing cars to make money. In which category of Anomie Theory does Murphy belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity 
B)  innovation 
C)  retreatist 
D)  ritualist

Question 16

Richard knows no violent criminals. He is not particularly strong and has no desire to fight anyone. He could not steal a car, and if he did steal a car, he would not know what to do with it. What he does like to do is inject heroin with his friends. According to Cloward and Ohlin, what kind of subculture is Richard a part of?

Accepted Answer

A)  retreatist 
B)  criminal 
C)  conflict 
D)  violent

Question 17

Compare and contrast Sellin's approach to understanding crime and Turk's approach to understanding crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast Sellin's approach to understanding...

Question 18

How are manifest functions different from latent functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Latent functions are purposeful, manifest functions are accidental. 
B)  Latent functions are accepted, manifest functions are rejected. 
C)  Manifest functions are intended, latent functions are unintended. 
D)  Manifest functions are not recognized, latent functions are recognized.

Question 19

Dr. Griffiths seeks to understand crime and deviance by studying how crime occurs against the background of a patriarchal society. What perspective is she using?

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist 
B)  feminist 
C)  social psychological 
D)  androcentric

Question 20

Emile Durkheim is widely regarded as the founding father of modern criminology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Theories of Deviant Behavior: II Contemporary Perspectives

Distinguish between the focal concerns Miller identified in lower-class subcultures.

According to Ronald Akers, it is the ______, combined with specific contexts, that encourage or discourage the initial delinquent or deviant acts.

Summarize Sellin's ideas about the relationship between culture, crime, and deviance.

In the social learning approach, negative formal and informal sanctions and norm-abiding definitions can counter the influence of reinforcement, exposure to deviant models, and norm-violating definitions.

In anomie theory, what category would described White nationalists who seek to overthrow the government of a democratic state founded on the principles of equality for all and replace it with a government dedicated to fostering racial inequality?

According to differential association theory, criminal subcultures perpetuate criminal and deviant behavior.

What provides the conceptual foundation of Robert Agnew's strain theory?

Identify the processes that determine if an individual becomes criminal, according to the social learning approach.

The proletariat are the owners of the means of production in society.

According to ______, the more Jennifer hangs out with a group of people who are comfortable breaking the law, the greater the likelihood that Jennifer will learn how to break the law, how to justify breaking the law, and rationales explaining why the law should be broken.

Thio's ______ of deviance suggests that deviance may be viewed along a range of lower to higher consensus acts.

Paraphrase the ninth proposition in Sutherland's differential association theory.

The terms "latent functions" and "dysfunctions" both refer to phenomena that are recognized by participants in a social system.

Unlike other approaches to the study of deviant behavior, the social learning approaches focus exclusively on what causes people to stop being deviant.

Murphy accepts the socially approved goal of obtaining wealth but is unable to access the educational system that is the traditional path to achieving that goal. Instead, he begins stealing cars to make money. In which category of Anomie Theory does Murphy belong?

Compare and contrast Sellin's approach to understanding crime and Turk's approach to understanding crime.

How are manifest functions different from latent functions?

Dr. Griffiths seeks to understand crime and deviance by studying how crime occurs against the background of a patriarchal society. What perspective is she using?

Emile Durkheim is widely regarded as the founding father of modern criminology.