Question 1

The realization of a is called the .

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype; phenotype 
B)  phenotype; genotype 
C)  phenotype; norm of reaction 
D)  genotype; norm of reaction

Question 2

Chromosomes are made up of strands of

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribonucleic acid. 
B)  guanine. 
C)  cytosine. 
D)  ribonucleic acid.

Question 3

What is the significance of variation in evolution by natural selection? Be sure to illustrate your answer with specific examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the significance of variation in...

Question 4

Homozygous: heterozygous::

Accepted Answer

A)  same:different 
B)  fertilized:unfertilized 
C)  genetics:heredity 
D)  genes:alleles

Question 5

Compare and contrast the positions of catastrophism and uniformitarianism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the positions of catastrophism...

Question 6

Evolution is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  descent with modification. 
B)  natural selection plus random access. 
C)  the process of change over time. 
D)  material evidence.

Question 7

A fertilized egg that has received a different form of a specific gene from each parent is called

Accepted Answer

A)  homozygous. 
B)  heterozygous. 
C)  allele-identical. 
D)  chromosomal.

Question 8

Mutations that neither help nor harm an organism are called

Accepted Answer

A)  allele mutations. 
B)  neutral mutations. 
C)  regulatory mutations. 
D)  value-free mutations.

Question 9

The theory of common ancestry holds that

Accepted Answer

A)  no species is ranked higher than any other in the taxonomy. 
B)  similar species are descended from a common ancestor. 
C)  similar species are able to interbreed. 
D)  all species reproduce in a similar ("common") way.

Question 10

The measure of an organism's ability to compete in the struggle for existence is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  fitness. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  the phenotype. 
D)  aptation.

Question 11

In genetics, the phenomenon known as crossing over occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  two chromosomes are passed on together. 
B)  part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself to a different chromosome. 
C)  two genes near each other on the same chromosome have an effect on a trait. 
D)  there is discontinuous variation.

Question 12

The form of cell division in which each newly formed daughter cell takes one full set of paired chromosomes is called

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  sexual transmission.

Question 13

Lamarkian evolution is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  variational evolution. 
B)  transformational evolution. 
C)  evolution by descent. 
D)  notional selection.

Question 14

The claim that "living species can change over time and give rise to new kinds of organisms, with the result that all organisms ultimately share a common ancestry" is central to which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic transformational theory 
B)  Evolutionary theory 
C)  Intelligent design 
D)  Prehistoric positional theory

Question 15

What is the significance for human beings of the facts that different genotypes can produce the same phenotypes in some environments and that the same genotype can produce different phenotypes in different environments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the significance for human beings...

Question 16

A system of biological classification is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  great chain of being. 
B)  genus. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  plenitude.

Question 17

The panda's elongated wrist bone or "thumb" would be explained by Lamarck's theory in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some pandas acquired "thumbs" through strenuous activity and then produced offspring with the same characteristic. 
B)  Some pandas had "thumbs" of different lengths, and in a new environment, those with longer "thumbs" were better able to survive and produce offspring. 
C)  Some pandas acquired "thumbs" through strenuous activity and were better able to survive. 
D)  Some pandas had longer "thumbs" and were able to produce offspring.

Question 18

The biochemical structure for transmitting genetic information regarding the construction and development of a particular organism is

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  MFT. 
D)  RNA.

Question 19

Mendelian inheritance is

Accepted Answer

A)  blending, multiple-particle 
B)  blending, single-particle 
C)  nonblending, multi-particle 
D)  nonblending, single-particle

Question 20

The shaping of useful features of an organism by natural selection for the function they now perform is

Accepted Answer

A)  aptation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  exaptation. 
D)  reconciliation.

Exam 2: Why Is Evolution Important to Anthropologists