Question 1

Denisovans and Neandertals

Accepted Answer

A)  are very closely related. 
B)  have a common ancestor. 
C)  evolved into modern humans in different places. 
D)  came from Africa.

Question 2

Stone tools that are at least twice as long as they are wide are

Accepted Answer

A)  composite. 
B)  flakes. 
C)  blades. 
D)  Levallois.

Question 3

The evidence for Neandertal cannibalism includes the deliberate cutting apart of bodies and the cutting away of muscle from bone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans at Herto date from

Accepted Answer

A)  between 154,000 and 160,000 years ago. 
B)  between 300,000 and 350,000 years ago. 
C)  between 500,000 and 550,000 years ago. 
D)  between 2 and 2.5 million years ago.

Question 5

Most hominin fossils older than 3 million years of age are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropoids. 
B)  australopiths. 
C)  protohominids. 
D)  australoids.

Question 6

The fossils of Australopithecus sediba, from the site of Malapa in South Africa,

Accepted Answer

A)  have been dated to between 8-10 million years ago. 
B)  show a cranial capacity dissimilar to Au. africanus. 
C)  Homo. 
D)  have resulted in little evidence contributing to the story of human evolution.

Question 7

Explain what separates Neandertals from anatomically modern human beings using the following concepts: morphology, language, and culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what separates Neandertals from anatomically modern...

Question 8

Fossils of early Homo disappear around

Accepted Answer

A)  10.8 million years ago. 
B)  5.8 million years ago. 
C)  1.8 million years ago. 
D)  85,000 years ago.

Question 9

Richard Potts has argued that the most efficient way for early hominins to get stones for stone tools together with the animal carcasses to be processed with those tools would be for early hominins

Accepted Answer

A)  to carry the stones with them in shoulder slings made of animal hides. 
B)  to use the stones found in the area of the carcass and discard them after use. 
C)  to store stones at various spots and bring the carcasses to the nearest supply of stones. 
D)  to establish a strong home base with a large supply of stones collected from around the region and bring the carcasses back to the home base.

Question 10

Paleoanthropologists suspect that perhaps more than one species belonging to the genus Homo may have coexisted in eastern Africa in the early Pleistocene because

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo habilis show too much internal variation to all belong to the same species. 
B)  more than one species of robust australopithecine coexisted in the late Pliocene. 
C)  more than one species of gracile australopithecine has been found in southern Africa. 
D)  both robust and gracile australopithecines coexisted in earlier periods.

Question 11

H. erectus has long been seen as a logical link between more primitive hominins and our own species, H. sapiens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Walking on two feet rather than four is called

Accepted Answer

A)  bipedalism. 
B)  quadrupedalism. 
C)  bipolarism. 
D)  taphonomy.

Question 13

According to Dunsworth and Eccleston, the hominin fossil record provided limited and tenuous information about human childbirth because primate birth is a secluded event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The first hominin species to leave Africa was

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus afarensis. 
B)  Australopithecus africanus. 
C)  Homo erectus. 
D)  Homo sapiens.

Question 15

The scope of evolutionary adaptation attained by H. erectus

Accepted Answer

A)  shows that the brain was considerably smaller than its precursors. 
B)  allowed for simpler stone tool production. 
C)  H. habilis. 
D)  resulted in a lack of migratory patterns.

Question 16

The hypothesis that only one subpopulation of Homo erectus underwent a rapid spurt of evolution to produce Homo sapiens 200,000-100,000 years ago is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  regional continuity model. 
B)  replacement model. 
C)  Asian origin model. 
D)  mostly out-of-Africa model.

Question 17

The key criterion used by paleoanthropologists in deciding whether a gracile fossil younger than 2 million years of age should be placed in the genus Homo is

Accepted Answer

A)  size of molars. 
B)  cranial capacity. 
C)  presence of a U-shaped dental arcade. 
D)  two premolars instead of three.

Question 18

The foramen magnum is the

Accepted Answer

A)  hole formed by the pelvic bones that determines the size of the birth canal. 
B)  hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes on its way to the brain. 
C)  space between the zygomatic arch and the skull through which the temporal muscle passes. 
D)  angle of the spinal cord as it passes into the brain.

Question 19

Explain bipedal locomotion in hominoids. What are the kinds of selective pressures that could have been responsible for its development? What are the major morphological differences between habitual bipedal hominins and occasionally bipedal apes, and what makes them major difference?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain bipedal locomotion in hominoids. What are...

Question 20

Which of the following abilities is NOT considered an advantage of bipedalism over quadrupedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Climbing trees 
B)  Spotting predators easily in open country 
C)  Escaping more easily from predators in open country 
D)  Covering greater distances with greater energy efficiency, although at lower speeds

Exam 4: What Can the Fossil Record Tell Us About Human Origins

Denisovans and Neandertals

Stone tools that are at least twice as long as they are wide are

The evidence for Neandertal cannibalism includes the deliberate cutting apart of bodies and the cutting away of muscle from bone.

The oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans at Herto date from

Most hominin fossils older than 3 million years of age are called

The fossils of Australopithecus sediba, from the site of Malapa in South Africa,

Explain what separates Neandertals from anatomically modern human beings using the following concepts: morphology, language, and culture.

Fossils of early Homo disappear around

Richard Potts has argued that the most efficient way for early hominins to get stones for stone tools together with the animal carcasses to be processed with those tools would be for early hominins

Paleoanthropologists suspect that perhaps more than one species belonging to the genus Homo may have coexisted in eastern Africa in the early Pleistocene because

H. erectus has long been seen as a logical link between more primitive hominins and our own species, H. sapiens.

Walking on two feet rather than four is called

According to Dunsworth and Eccleston, the hominin fossil record provided limited and tenuous information about human childbirth because primate birth is a secluded event.

The first hominin species to leave Africa was

The scope of evolutionary adaptation attained by H. erectus

The hypothesis that only one subpopulation of Homo erectus underwent a rapid spurt of evolution to produce Homo sapiens 200,000-100,000 years ago is called the

The key criterion used by paleoanthropologists in deciding whether a gracile fossil younger than 2 million years of age should be placed in the genus Homo is

The foramen magnum is the

Explain bipedal locomotion in hominoids. What are the kinds of selective pressures that could have been responsible for its development? What are the major morphological differences between habitual bipedal hominins and occasionally bipedal apes, and what makes them major difference?

Which of the following abilities is NOT considered an advantage of bipedalism over quadrupedalism?