Question 1

The interactions between the American chestnut and the parasitic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica best exemplify the principle that

Accepted Answer

A)   parasites can drive host populations to extinction.
B)   parasites can influence host population cycles.
C)   selection can favor a diversity of host and parasite genotypes.
D)   vaccination can reduce the incidence of disease. A

Question 2

Which parasite alters the behavior of rats, such that they will seek out cats (which will likely capture and kill them)?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasmodium
B)   Hairworm
C)   Toxoplasma gondii
D)   Hymenoepimecius argyraphaga C

Question 3

Which statement about parasite natural history is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is rare for a host species to have a parasite that feeds upon only that species.
B)   Different parts of human bodies provide suitable habitat for a wide range of parasites.
C)   Many species are host to more than one parasite species.
D)   Both large and small parasites typically feed on one or a few host individuals. A

Question 4

Which organism is an example of a hemiparasite?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mistletoe
B)   Head louse
C)   Live fluke
D)   Plasmodium

Question 5

The studies by Dybdahl and Lively on snails and their parasites demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)   snails evolve more quickly in response to parasites than parasites do to snails.
B)   snails cannot evolve in response to parasites.
C)   parasites infect common genotypes of snails more easily than they infect rare genotypes.
D)   snails and parasites evolved at the same rate.

Question 6

Refer to the figure.
 Which aphid genotype with the symbiont present had a survival percentage closest to 35?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aphid genotype 1
B)   Aphid genotype 3
C)   Aphid genotype 4
D)   Aphid genotype 5

Question 7

A bacterium that lives inside an aphid is always classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   parasite.
B)   parasitoid.
C)   symbiont.
D)   endoparasite.

Question 8

Evolution in a parasite from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism would most likely be caused by a(n) _______ in the number or intensity of natural enemies of the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; host
B)   decrease; host
C)   increase; parasite
D)   decrease; parasite

Question 9

In the simple host-pathogen model, which term describes the rate at which a susceptible individual encounters an infected individual?

Accepted Answer

A)   SI
B)   S
C)   dI
D)    β\betaβ SI

Question 10

Which of the following is most likely to prevent or stop an arms race between host and parasite?

Accepted Answer

A)   A trade-off between a host's survival in the absence of parasitism and its reproductive success in the absence of parasitism
B)   A trade-off between a host's survival when parasitized and its reproductive success in the absence of parasitism
C)   Rare genotypes of the host that make the host less resistant to parasitism
D)   The absence of a trade-off between the host's survival and reproduction when parasitized

Question 11

Tapeworms have a _______, which they use to attach themselves to the insides of the host's intestine.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypha
B)   merozoite
C)   scolex
D)   boostrum

Question 12

The fungal parasite Cryphonectria parasitica is responsible for driving its host, the _______, to near extinction in North America.

Accepted Answer

A)   American chestnut
B)   passenger pigeon
C)   ivory-billed woodpecker
D)   spotted owl

Question 13

Suppose that the relative proportion of susceptible and infected individuals in a population remains the same, but the density of the overall population doubles. According to the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10SI model, disease transmission should

Accepted Answer

A)   remain the same.
B)   increase by the square root of two.
C)   double.
D)   quadruple.

Question 14

According to the basic host-pathogen model, if the combined death and recovery rate from a disease doubles, and the effectiveness of the disease to spread from infected to uninfected individuals remains the same, the threshold density should

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease by a factor of four.
B)   decrease by half.
C)   stay the same.
D)   double.

Question 15

Refer to the figure.
 A person living at 20oN, 90oW would

Accepted Answer

A)   have the same risk of contracting leishmaniasis in 2009 as 2080.
B)   have a decreased risk of contracting leishmaniasis in 2080 than in 2009.
C)   be at risk of contracting leishmaniasis in 2009.
D)   not be at risk of contracting leishmaniasis in 2009, but would be at risk in 2080.

Question 16

Mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium carry cells of the _______ stage of the parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a human, these cells enter the _______, where they divide into _______ that then infect red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   merozoite; spleen; sporozoites
B)   merozoite; liver; sporozoites
C)   sporozoite; liver; merozoites
D)   sporozoite; spleen; merozoites

Question 17

In the simple host-pathogen model, which term describes the rate at which a disease is transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A)   S
B)   SI
C)    β\betaβ SI
D)    β\betaβ dI

Question 18

Refer to the figure.
Figure 1
  The figure shows data collected on a species of fish that lives on a coral reef. The fish were captured and studied three times-in 2000, 2005, and 2010. Four genotypes were found in an area of the coral reef (shown as A, B, C, and D). The figure shows: (1) the number of individuals of each genotype captured during each year, and (2) the percent of individuals infected with parasites captured during each year.
-Answer the following questions:
a) How does population size change over time for each of the four genotypes? 
b) How does the percent of infected individuals change over time for each of the four genotypes? 
c) Based on the percent of infected individuals of each genotype in each year, calculate the numbers of infected individuals. Create a new graph (this will be referred to as Figure 2) that reflects this data using the Figure 1 left, with each column reflecting a height that indicates the number of infected individuals. 
d) What is the average infection rate across all genotypes for each study year? Create another new graph (this will be referred to as Figure 3) that reflects this data using Figure 1 right. Use an asterisk (*) to indicate the average infection rate for each year. Next, calculate the average of the average infection rate and add this data to the graph as a horizontal dotted line

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
Figure 1
  The...

Question 19

A new strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium is discovered, which has evolved a better counterdefense to increase its survival. Which of the following is not a possible evolutionary advance for this new Plasmodium strain?

Accepted Answer

A)   A gene that allows Plasmodium to retain the host's red blood cell shape after infection
B)   The injection of viruses into red blood cells, which makes the cells "invisible" to the host's immune system
C)   The removal of genes from Plasmodium that produce knobs that are added to the surface of the red blood cells
D)   Additional genes that allow transport proteins to be placed on the surface of red blood cells, enabling more nutrients to be imported into the infected host's red blood cells

Question 20

Nasonia vitripennis is a wasp roughly the size of a Drosophila fly. Adult females drill holes and lay eggs in the pupae of blowflies and related species. These eggs then hatch into larvae, which then eat the pupae. Thus, Nasonia vitripennis is a

Accepted Answer

A)   hemiparasite.
B)   parasitoid.
C)   microparasite.
D)   ectoparasite

Exam 13: Parasitism

The interactions between the American chestnut and the parasitic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica best exemplify the principle that

Which parasite alters the behavior of rats, such that they will seek out cats (which will likely capture and kill them) ?

Which statement about parasite natural history is false?

Which organism is an example of a hemiparasite?

The studies by Dybdahl and Lively on snails and their parasites demonstrated that

Refer to the figure. Which aphid genotype with the symbiont present had a survival percentage closest to 35?

A bacterium that lives inside an aphid is always classified as a(n)

Evolution in a parasite from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism would most likely be caused by a(n) _ in the number or intensity of natural enemies of the _.

In the simple host-pathogen model, which term describes the rate at which a susceptible individual encounters an infected individual?

Which of the following is most likely to prevent or stop an arms race between host and parasite?

Tapeworms have a _______, which they use to attach themselves to the insides of the host's intestine.

The fungal parasite Cryphonectria parasitica is responsible for driving its host, the _______, to near extinction in North America.

Suppose that the relative proportion of susceptible and infected individuals in a population remains the same, but the density of the overall population doubles. According to the SI model, disease transmission should

According to the basic host-pathogen model, if the combined death and recovery rate from a disease doubles, and the effectiveness of the disease to spread from infected to uninfected individuals remains the same, the threshold density should

Refer to the figure. A person living at 20^oN, 90^oW would

Mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium carry cells of the ___ stage of the parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a human, these cells enter the _, where they divide into _____ that then infect red blood cells.

In the simple host-pathogen model, which term describes the rate at which a disease is transmitted?

A new strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium is discovered, which has evolved a better counterdefense to increase its survival. Which of the following is not a possible evolutionary advance for this new Plasmodium strain?

Nasonia vitripennis is a wasp roughly the size of a Drosophila fly. Adult females drill holes and lay eggs in the pupae of blowflies and related species. These eggs then hatch into larvae, which then eat the pupae. Thus, Nasonia vitripennis is a

Exam 13: Parasitism

The interactions between the American chestnut and the parasitic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica best exemplify the principle that

Which parasite alters the behavior of rats, such that they will seek out cats (which will likely capture and kill them) ?

Which statement about parasite natural history is false?

Which organism is an example of a hemiparasite?

The studies by Dybdahl and Lively on snails and their parasites demonstrated that

Refer to the figure. Which aphid genotype with the symbiont present had a survival percentage closest to 35?

A bacterium that lives inside an aphid is always classified as a(n)

Evolution in a parasite from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism would most likely be caused by a(n) _______ in the number or intensity of natural enemies of the _______.

In the simple host-pathogen model, which term describes the rate at which a susceptible individual encounters an infected individual?

Which of the following is most likely to prevent or stop an arms race between host and parasite?

Tapeworms have a _______, which they use to attach themselves to the insides of the host's intestine.

The fungal parasite Cryphonectria parasitica is responsible for driving its host, the _______, to near extinction in North America.

Suppose that the relative proportion of susceptible and infected individuals in a population remains the same, but the density of the overall population doubles. According to the SI model, disease transmission should

According to the basic host-pathogen model, if the combined death and recovery rate from a disease doubles, and the effectiveness of the disease to spread from infected to uninfected individuals remains the same, the threshold density should

Refer to the figure. A person living at 20oN, 90oW would

Mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium carry cells of the _______ stage of the parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a human, these cells enter the _______, where they divide into _______ that then infect red blood cells.

In the simple host-pathogen model, which term describes the rate at which a disease is transmitted?

A new strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium is discovered, which has evolved a better counterdefense to increase its survival. Which of the following is not a possible evolutionary advance for this new Plasmodium strain?

Nasonia vitripennis is a wasp roughly the size of a Drosophila fly. Adult females drill holes and lay eggs in the pupae of blowflies and related species. These eggs then hatch into larvae, which then eat the pupae. Thus, Nasonia vitripennis is a

Evolution in a parasite from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism would most likely be caused by a(n) _ in the number or intensity of natural enemies of the _.

Refer to the figure. A person living at 20^oN, 90^oW would

Mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium carry cells of the ___ stage of the parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a human, these cells enter the _, where they divide into _____ that then infect red blood cells.