Question 1

Which type of data listed below cannot be used to compare a mean?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ratio data
B)   Interval
C)   Nominal
D)   a and b
E)   b and cF)  None of the above C

Question 2

Based upon your reading of the text, the National Vital Statistics System primarily collects data on mortality directly from:

Accepted Answer

A)   Family members of the deceased
B)   Life insurance companies that covered the expenses of the deceased
C)   Both a and b
D)   Neither a nor b D

Question 3

In Table. 5.1., the percent difference rate due to heart disease in the count number and annual crude death rates between Iowa and Pennsylvania is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Pennsylvania's count number is 470.306% higher than Iowa's but the standardized annual crude rate is 114.76% higher
B)   Pennsylvania's count number is 370.396% lower than Iowa but the standardized annual crude rate is 114.76% higher
C)   Pennsylvania's count number if 370.306% higher than Iowa's but the crude rate is only 14.76% higher
D)   None of the above are correct C

Question 4

The Inverted Triangle Approach is a model introduced in the text which theorizes that health disparities measured by mortality and morbidity are a function of five "causes." Which item listed below was not included as a causal variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   socioeconomic variables
B)   environmental factors
C)   behaviors, beliefs, norms and attitudes
D)   genetic predisposition
E)   health care access and services such as prevention and intervention; health screening, health diagnosis; heart treatmentF)  Every item listed above was included as a causal variable

Question 5

A _____ is less reliable.

Accepted Answer

A)   Parameter
B)   Statistic
C)   There are no differences in reliability between a parameter or statistic
D)   a and b are equally reliable

Question 6

Which tests below are used to assess causation with nominal data?

Accepted Answer

A)   Simple or multiple logistic regression
B)   Discriminant analysis
C)   Chi-square test
D)   Fisher's exact test
E)   a and bF)  b and cG)  c and d

Question 7

The first mathematical approach needed in order to seek to discover health disparities is to conduct a "count". The term "count" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Calculating a percent
B)   Determining the frequency
C)   Subtracting the smaller number from the larger
D)   Calculating a proportion

Question 8

Which tests below are used to assess significance but not causation for nominal data:

Accepted Answer

A)   Chi-square
B)   Fisher's Exact Test
C)   Discriminant analysis
D)   Paired and independent t-tests
E)   a, bF)  None of the above

Question 9

A health disparity measure is extremely critical to the field of health disparity research because it measures the width of the differences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Box 5.3. teaches readers to calculate a Percentage Difference without a reference group and:

Accepted Answer

A)   The authors recommend that this approach be used
B)   The authors recommend that the calculations for a percentage difference with a reference group be used
C)   The "answers" rendered do not change by using or not using a reference group
D)   The authors stated that a reference group should never be used because it can support tribalism

Question 11

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services use a measurement of disparities that is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   Maxima and Minima
B)   Maximal rate difference
C)   Percentage difference
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 12

Correlation analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)   A way of analyzing causation
B)   A method of assessing association
C)   A measure of statistical significance only
D)   A form of psychological analysis

Question 13

Based on the Study Guide/PowerPoints, in order to analyze data, we must first specify our model. Model specification involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   Using research to create a theory regarding causes and effects (outcomes) .
B)   Seeking the database to use for our research.
C)   Determining whether the data are "clean".
D)   Applying various statistical processes to the data.

Question 14

According to the Study Guide/PowerPoint, the count may distort your conclusion that a disparity exists if the count is not converted to a rate through a process which we call standardization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Based upon the Study Guide/PowerPoints, data serves as the very foundation of the field of health and healthcare disparities. Thus, one must learn how to analyze data so that it can "give up" its secrets.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Specific rates and adjusted rates measure exactly the same thing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The National Vital Statistics System is part of:

Accepted Answer

A)   CMS
B)   CDC
C)   Both of the above
D)   Neither of the above

Question 18

There are more than 200 techniques that were identified by Xu, Murphy, Kochanek, & Aria (2016) for use in calculating:

Accepted Answer

A)   Health disparities
B)   Death rates
C)   Death counts
D)   None of the above
E)   a, b & c are all correct

Question 19

Which statements below are true:

Accepted Answer

A)   Univariate analysis and bivariate analysis are synonymous
B)   Clinical significance and statistical significance are synonymous
C)   Clinical significance and practical significance are synonymous
D)   Based upon what you learned in Chapter 1, data differences are significant as long as the p-value is p>.10
E)   A chi-square and t-test are both used to determine whether means of two different groups or subgroups are equal

Question 20

Interpreting the data in Table 5.4., one would conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Latino, African American, and Asian youth were more likely to carry weapons in 2015
B)   Native Americans, Multiple Race, and White American youth were more likely to carry a weapon in 2015.
C)   More youth carried weapons in 2015 than did not carry weapons.
D)   a and b
E)   b and cF)  None of the above are correctG)  a, b and c are true

Exam 5: Simple Statistical Tools to Assess Health and Health Care Disparities

Which type of data listed below cannot be used to compare a mean?

Based upon your reading of the text, the National Vital Statistics System primarily collects data on mortality directly from:

In Table. 5.1., the percent difference rate due to heart disease in the count number and annual crude death rates between Iowa and Pennsylvania is:

The Inverted Triangle Approach is a model introduced in the text which theorizes that health disparities measured by mortality and morbidity are a function of five "causes." Which item listed below was not included as a causal variable.

A _____ is less reliable.

Which tests below are used to assess causation with nominal data?

The first mathematical approach needed in order to seek to discover health disparities is to conduct a "count". The term "count" refers to:

Which tests below are used to assess significance but not causation for nominal data:

A health disparity measure is extremely critical to the field of health disparity research because it measures the width of the differences.

Box 5.3. teaches readers to calculate a Percentage Difference without a reference group and:

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services use a measurement of disparities that is called:

Correlation analysis is:

Based on the Study Guide/PowerPoints, in order to analyze data, we must first specify our model. Model specification involves:

According to the Study Guide/PowerPoint, the count may distort your conclusion that a disparity exists if the count is not converted to a rate through a process which we call standardization.

Based upon the Study Guide/PowerPoints, data serves as the very foundation of the field of health and healthcare disparities. Thus, one must learn how to analyze data so that it can "give up" its secrets.

Specific rates and adjusted rates measure exactly the same thing.

The National Vital Statistics System is part of:

There are more than 200 techniques that were identified by Xu, Murphy, Kochanek, & Aria (2016) for use in calculating:

Which statements below are true:

Interpreting the data in Table 5.4., one would conclude that: