A 38-Year-Old Lady with Lower Abdominal Discomfort Visits the Emergency

A 38-year-old lady with lower abdominal discomfort visits the emergency room. For the previous three days, the patient felt some moderate, cramping abdomen pain, but today it persisted. Occasionally, she has had vaginal bleeding. The patient's last period was 8 weeks ago, and she has a history of irregular menstruation. A left adnexal lump is seen on physical examination. The patient had surgery, and the illustration below shows the resected specimen: Which of the following risk factors is most strongly associated with this patient's condition?

A) Family history of ovarian cancer
B) Müllerian anomaly
C) Prior pelvic surgery
D) Progestin-only oral contraceptive use
E) Recent anticoagulant use

Correct Answer:

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