A 19-Year-Old Man with a History of Chronic Lung Problems

A 19-year-old man with a history of chronic lung problems dies after a progressive hemoptysis and severe respiratory distress.  He has a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections and chronic nasal congestion since childhood. An autopsy is performed and a gross lung specimen is shown in the image below: Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's hemoptysis?

A) Bleeding from hypertrophied bronchial arteries
B) Blood loss from hypertrophied pulmonary arteries
C) Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage due to vasculitis
D) Formation of a fistula between the tracheobronchial tree and aorta
E) Hemorrhage from a highly vascular endobronchial tumor

Correct Answer:

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