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Passage Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) Employs a Soft Ionization Technique

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Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1.
Passage Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) <sup>n</sup><sup>+</sup><strong>Reaction 1</strong>Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006. -Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion? A) B) C) D) Figure 1  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) n+Reaction 1Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS.
Passage Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) <sup>n</sup><sup>+</sup><strong>Reaction 1</strong>Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006. -Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion? A) B) C) D) Figure 2  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts
Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006.
-Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion?


A) Passage Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) <sup>n</sup><sup>+</sup><strong>Reaction 1</strong>Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006. -Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion? A) B) C) D)
B) Passage Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) <sup>n</sup><sup>+</sup><strong>Reaction 1</strong>Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006. -Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion? A) B) C) D)
C) Passage Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) <sup>n</sup><sup>+</sup><strong>Reaction 1</strong>Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006. -Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion? A) B) C) D)
D) Passage Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employs a soft ionization technique that, unlike traditional ionization via electron bombardment, results in little to no fragmentation of target molecules.  During electron bombardment, electrons collide with the analyte and cause the molecule to lose an electron whereas during ESI-MS, ions are produced by passing the analyte solution through an electrospray needle that has a potential difference applied with respect to a counterelectrode.  This leads to the formation of charged droplets, which are repelled from the needle toward the counterelectrode and mass spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  ESI-MS ionization mechanismDuring the droplet's flight, the solvent is evaporated off analyte molecules.  Ionization occurs through the protonation of basic sites on target molecules.  Reaction 1 shows the number of protons n added to molecule M.M → (M + nH) <sup>n</sup><sup>+</sup><strong>Reaction 1</strong>Researchers used ESI-MS to quantify the formation of four pyridyloxobutyl-DNA (POB-DNA) adducts, shown in Figure 2.  POB-DNA adduct formation involves highly mutagenic pyridyloxobutylating agents, which are formed from cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation of 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) , an abundant N-nitrosamine carcinogen found in cigarette smoke.  Adducts were produced in vitro by treating samples of calf thymus DNA with NNK.  The DNA adducts were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and analyzed via ESI-MS. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Molecular structure of POB-DNA adducts Adapted from Lao Y, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ, Wang M, Hecht SS. Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006. -Based on the procedure described in the passage, which of the following spectra most likely corresponds to the detection of the singly charged POB Adduct 1 ion? A) B) C) D)

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