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Passage Catabolism Is an Oxidative Process in Which Electrons Are Transferred

Question 42

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Passage
Catabolism is an oxidative process in which electrons are transferred from lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to generate high-energy electron carriers from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2/FAD) .  Both are used in the electron transport chain (ETC) as electron providers in a series of reactions.  The transfer of electrons provides energy that drives oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP.  Reduction of NAD+ proceeds according to the following half-reaction:
Passage Catabolism is an oxidative process in which electrons are transferred from lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to generate high-energy electron carriers from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD<sup>+</sup>) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH<sub>2</sub>/FAD) .  Both are used in the electron transport chain (ETC) as electron providers in a series of reactions.  The transfer of electrons provides energy that drives oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP.  Reduction of NAD<sup>+</sup> proceeds according to the following half-reaction: <strong>Reaction 1</strong>Reactions in the ETC occur in four protein complexes (I-IV) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.  Here high-energy electrons are shuttled from complexes I, II, and III to complex IV, where O<sub>2</sub> serves as the final electron acceptor.  The net result of NADH oxidation is described by Reaction 2. NADH+H++12O2→NAD++H2O<strong>Reaction 2</strong>At complexes I, III, and IV, hydrogen ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and create the electrochemical gradient, or proton motive force (pmf) , that drives ATP synthesis.  Each NADH molecule drives the net pumping of 10 protons across the membrane, as per Reaction 3. NADH+11H++12O2→NAD++10H++H2O<strong>Reaction 3</strong> Adapted from Garrett R, Grisham CM, Sabat M. Biochemistry. Cengage Learning; 2011. -If the ETC is a spontaneous process, which of the following MUST be true about the redox reactions within each of the four complexes? A) The electron-carrying molecules in the ETC have E<sub>0</sub>′ values greater than that of oxygen. B) The overall free energy (ΔG°′) of the ETC is positive. C) The E<sub>0</sub>′ values increase as electrons are passed from one carrier to the next. D) The redox reactions in complex IV are faster than the reactions in complex I. Reaction 1Reactions in the ETC occur in four protein complexes (I-IV) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.  Here high-energy electrons are shuttled from complexes I, II, and III to complex IV, where O2 serves as the final electron acceptor.  The net result of NADH oxidation is described by Reaction 2.
Passage Catabolism is an oxidative process in which electrons are transferred from lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to generate high-energy electron carriers from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD<sup>+</sup>) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH<sub>2</sub>/FAD) .  Both are used in the electron transport chain (ETC) as electron providers in a series of reactions.  The transfer of electrons provides energy that drives oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP.  Reduction of NAD<sup>+</sup> proceeds according to the following half-reaction: <strong>Reaction 1</strong>Reactions in the ETC occur in four protein complexes (I-IV) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.  Here high-energy electrons are shuttled from complexes I, II, and III to complex IV, where O<sub>2</sub> serves as the final electron acceptor.  The net result of NADH oxidation is described by Reaction 2. NADH+H++12O2→NAD++H2O<strong>Reaction 2</strong>At complexes I, III, and IV, hydrogen ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and create the electrochemical gradient, or proton motive force (pmf) , that drives ATP synthesis.  Each NADH molecule drives the net pumping of 10 protons across the membrane, as per Reaction 3. NADH+11H++12O2→NAD++10H++H2O<strong>Reaction 3</strong> Adapted from Garrett R, Grisham CM, Sabat M. Biochemistry. Cengage Learning; 2011. -If the ETC is a spontaneous process, which of the following MUST be true about the redox reactions within each of the four complexes? A) The electron-carrying molecules in the ETC have E<sub>0</sub>′ values greater than that of oxygen. B) The overall free energy (ΔG°′) of the ETC is positive. C) The E<sub>0</sub>′ values increase as electrons are passed from one carrier to the next. D) The redox reactions in complex IV are faster than the reactions in complex I. NADH+H++12O2→NAD++H2OReaction 2At complexes I, III, and IV, hydrogen ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and create the electrochemical gradient, or proton motive force (pmf) , that drives ATP synthesis.  Each NADH molecule drives the net pumping of 10 protons across the membrane, as per Reaction 3.
Passage Catabolism is an oxidative process in which electrons are transferred from lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to generate high-energy electron carriers from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD<sup>+</sup>) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH<sub>2</sub>/FAD) .  Both are used in the electron transport chain (ETC) as electron providers in a series of reactions.  The transfer of electrons provides energy that drives oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP.  Reduction of NAD<sup>+</sup> proceeds according to the following half-reaction: <strong>Reaction 1</strong>Reactions in the ETC occur in four protein complexes (I-IV) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.  Here high-energy electrons are shuttled from complexes I, II, and III to complex IV, where O<sub>2</sub> serves as the final electron acceptor.  The net result of NADH oxidation is described by Reaction 2. NADH+H++12O2→NAD++H2O<strong>Reaction 2</strong>At complexes I, III, and IV, hydrogen ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and create the electrochemical gradient, or proton motive force (pmf) , that drives ATP synthesis.  Each NADH molecule drives the net pumping of 10 protons across the membrane, as per Reaction 3. NADH+11H++12O2→NAD++10H++H2O<strong>Reaction 3</strong> Adapted from Garrett R, Grisham CM, Sabat M. Biochemistry. Cengage Learning; 2011. -If the ETC is a spontaneous process, which of the following MUST be true about the redox reactions within each of the four complexes? A) The electron-carrying molecules in the ETC have E<sub>0</sub>′ values greater than that of oxygen. B) The overall free energy (ΔG°′) of the ETC is positive. C) The E<sub>0</sub>′ values increase as electrons are passed from one carrier to the next. D) The redox reactions in complex IV are faster than the reactions in complex I. NADH+11H++12O2→NAD++10H++H2OReaction 3
Adapted from Garrett R, Grisham CM, Sabat M. Biochemistry. Cengage Learning; 2011.
-If the ETC is a spontaneous process, which of the following MUST be true about the redox reactions within each of the four complexes?


A) The electron-carrying molecules in the ETC have E0′ values greater than that of oxygen.
B) The overall free energy (ΔG°′) of the ETC is positive.
C) The E0′ values increase as electrons are passed from one carrier to the next.
D) The redox reactions in complex IV are faster than the reactions in complex I.

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