Multiple Choice
Passage
Studies suggest that health outcomes for preventable diseases are impacted by delayed treatment and lack of compliance. People often postpone seeking medical care because they fear hearing bad news from their physician. Paradoxically, when they finally do see a doctor, they may find out that their disease is indeed serious, but only because treatment was so delayed.Refusal to comply with a physician's instructions is another major issue. Although there are many reasons for this, one possible explanation is that patients are responding with psychological reactance. Reactance theory suggests that when an individual perceives that free choice is threatened or limited, he or she may respond by wanting to perform the threatened behavior even more, as if to preserve original freedoms. For example, if a physician tells a patient to quit smoking, the smoker might respond by smoking even more in an effort to preserve the freedom to smoke.Researchers hypothesize that psychological reactance may be reduced or avoided when physicians communicate with their patients through a process known as deliberation. In the following example, the physician has already explained to the patient that her weight could be having a negative impact on her diabetes. The physician, using deliberation, then initiates a dialogue about how the patient would like to address the situation:Physician: "You are already taking pretty strong medications, so your options are either to change your eating habits or increase your level of exercise. It's your choice."Patient: "I think I could exercise more by joining a gym. I could stop eating dessert, but I would hate to give up chocolate."Physician: "Okay. Let's negotiate. Why don't you try going to the gym and giving up sweets-except chocolate-for the next month. Then come back to see me, and we'll see where we are."
Adapted from S. Bigi ©2016 Frontiers.
-To test whether the process of deliberation described in the passage had its hypothesized effect (paragraph 3) , researchers would need to operationalize which dependent variable?
A) Deliberation
B) Patient's weight
C) Psychological reactance
D) Number of options presented to the patient
Correct Answer:
Verified
Correct Answer:
Verified
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