A Retrospective Cohort Study Examines the Long-Term Risk of Ischemic

A retrospective cohort study examines the long-term risk of ischemic stroke in patients with perioperative atrial fibrillation following cardiac and noncardiac surgery.  The following data are reported: Which of the following best describes the study results?

A) Cardiac surgery carries a lower risk of atrial fibrillation than noncardiac surgery
B) Patients with perioperative atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery should not receive anticoagulation
C) Perioperative atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke with either type of surgery
D) Perioperative atrial fibrillation is not predictive of stroke in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
E) The risk of stroke after noncardiac surgery is significantly higher compared to that after cardiac surgery

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