A 45-Year-Old Caucasian Female Suffers from Recurrent Nonpitting Edema of the Hands

A 45-year-old Caucasian female suffers from recurrent nonpitting edema of the hands.  She often wears warm gloves indoors because her fingers turn blue when they are cold.  She also complains of retrosternal burning and regurgitation, especially when supine.  Which of the following antibodies is most likely to be found in this patient?

A) Anti-dsDNA
B) Anti-centromere
C) Anti-histone
D) Anti-SSA and SSB
E) Anti-phospholipid

Correct Answer:

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